Manual

• 1: Basics
• 1.1: Authorization
• 1.2: Creating an annotation task
• 1.3: Tasks page
• 1.4: Task details
• 1.5: Interface of the annotation tool
• 1.6: 3D task workspace
• 1.7: Types of shapes
• 1.8: Basic navigation
• 1.9: Shape mode (basics)
• 1.10: Track mode (basics)
• 1.11: Attribute annotation mode (basics)
• 1.12: Standard 3D mode (basics)
• 1.13: 3D Object annotation (basics)
• 1.14: Settings
• 1.15: Vocabulary
• 1.16: Top Panel
• 1.17: Workspace
• 1.18: Controls sidebar
• 1.19: Objects sidebar
• 2: Advanced
• 2.1: Downloading annotations
• 2.2: Search
• 2.3: Projects
• 2.4: Shape mode (advanced)
• 2.5: Track mode (advanced)
• 2.6: Attribute annotation mode (advanced)
• 2.7: Annotation with rectangle by 4 points
• 2.8: Annotation with points
• 2.8.1: Points in shape mode
• 2.8.2: Linear interpolation with one point
• 2.9: Annotation with polylines
• 2.10: Annotation with polygons
• 2.10.1: Manual drawing
• 2.10.2: Drawing using automatic borders
• 2.10.3: Edit polygon
• 2.10.4: Track mode with polygons
• 2.10.5: Creating masks
• 2.11: OpenCV tools
• 2.12: AI Tools
• 2.13: Annotation with Tags
• 2.14: Annotation with cuboids
• 2.14.1: Creating the cuboid
• 2.14.2: Editing the cuboid
• 2.15: 3D Object annotation (advanced)
• 2.16: Filter
• 2.17: Shape grouping
• 2.18: Review
• 2.19: Context images for 2d task
• 2.20: Shortcuts
• 2.21: Export/import a task
• 2.22: Task synchronization with a repository
• 2.23: Models
• 2.24: Automatic annotation
• 2.25: Analytics Monitoring
• 2.26: XML annotation format
• 2.27: Formats
• 2.27.1:
• 2.27.2:
• 2.27.3:
• 2.27.4:
• 2.27.5:
• 2.27.6:
• 2.27.7:
• 2.27.8:
• 2.27.9:
• 2.27.10:
• 2.27.11:
• 2.27.12:
• 2.27.13:
• 2.27.14:
• 2.27.15:
• 2.28: Command line interface (CLI)
• 2.29: Simple command line to prepare dataset manifest file
• 2.30: Data preparation on the fly
• 2.31: Serverless tutorial

1 - Basics

1.1 - Authorization

• First of all, you have to log in to CVAT tool.

  

• For register a new user press “Create an account”

  

• You can register a user but by default it will not have rights even to view list of tasks. Thus you should create a superuser. The superuser can use Django administration panel to assign correct groups to the user. Please use the command below to create an admin account:

  docker exec -it cvat bash -ic 'python3 ~/manage.py createsuperuser'

• If you want to create a non-admin account, you can do that using the link below on the login page. Don’t forget to modify permissions for the new user in the administration panel. There are several groups (aka roles): admin, user, annotator, observer.

  

Administration panel

Go to the Django administration panel. There you can:

• Create / edit / delete users

• Control permissions of users and access to the tool.

  

1.2 - Creating an annotation task

Create an annotation task pressing Create new task button on the tasks page or on the project page.

Specify parameters of the task:

Basic configuration

Name

The name of the task to be created.

Projects

The project that this task will be related with.

Labels

There are two ways of working with labels (available only if the task is not related to the project):

• The Constructor is a simple way to add and adjust labels. To add a new label click the Add label button.

  You can set a name of the label in the Label name field and choose a color for each label.

  

  If necessary you can add an attribute and set its properties by clicking Add an attribute:

  

  The following actions are available here:

  1. Set the attribute’s name.
  2. Choose the way to display the attribute:
     • Select — drop down list of value
     • Radio — is used when it is necessary to choose just one option out of few suggested.
     • Checkbox — is used when it is necessary to choose any number of options out of suggested.
     • Text — is used when an attribute is entered as a text.
     • Number — is used when an attribute is entered as a number.
  3. Set values for the attribute. The values could be separated by pressing Enter. The entered value is displayed as a separate element which could be deleted by pressing Backspace or clicking the close button (x). If the specified way of displaying the attribute is Text or Number, the entered value will be displayed as text by default (e.g. you can specify the text format).
  4. Checkbox Mutable determines if an attribute would be changed frame to frame.
  5. You can delete the attribute by clicking the close button (x).

  Click the Continue button to add more labels. If you need to cancel adding a label - press the Cancel button. After all the necessary labels are added click the Done button. After clicking Done the added labels would be displayed as separate elements of different colour. You can edit or delete labels by clicking Update attributes or Delete label.

• The Raw is a way of working with labels for an advanced user. Raw presents label data in json format with an option of editing and copying labels as a text. The Done button applies the changes and the Reset button cancels the changes.

In Raw and Constructor mode, you can press the Copy button to copy the list of labels.

Select files

Press tab My computer to choose some files for annotation from your PC. If you select tab Connected file share you can choose files for annotation from your network. If you select Remote source , you’ll see a field where you can enter a list of URLs (one URL per line). If you upload a video or dataset with images and select Use cache option, you can attach a manifest.jsonl file. You can find how to prepare it here.

Data formats for a 3D task

To create a 3D task, you need to use the following directory structures:

• Velodyne
• 3D pointcloud
• 3D Option 1
• 3D Option 2

    VELODYNE FORMAT
    Structure:
    velodyne_points/
    data/
    image_01.bin
    IMAGE_00 # unknown dirname, Generally image_01.png can be under IMAGE_00, IMAGE_01, IMAGE_02, IMAGE_03, etc
    data/
    image_01.png
  

    3D POINTCLOUD DATA FORMAT
    Structure:
    pointcloud/
    00001.pcd
    related_images/
    00001_pcd/
    image_01.png # or any other image
  

    3D, DEFAULT DATAFORMAT Option 1
    Structure:
    data/
    image.pcd
    image.png
  

    3D, DEFAULT DATAFORMAT Option 2
    Structure:
    data/
    image_1/
    image_1.pcd
    context_1.png # or any other name
    context_2.jpg
  

Advanced configuration

Use zip chunks

Force to use zip chunks as compressed data. Actual for videos only.

Use cache

Defines how to work with data. Select the checkbox to switch to the “on-the-fly data processing”, which will reduce the task creation time (by preparing chunks when requests are received) and store data in a cache of limited size with a policy of evicting less popular items. See more here.

Image Quality

Use this option to specify quality of uploaded images. The option helps to load high resolution datasets faster. Use the value from 5 (almost completely compressed images) to 100 (not compressed images).

Overlap Size

Use this option to make overlapped segments. The option makes tracks continuous from one segment into another. Use it for interpolation mode. There are several options for using the parameter:

• For an interpolation task (video sequence). If you annotate a bounding box on two adjacent segments they will be merged into one bounding box. If overlap equals to zero or annotation is poor on adjacent segments inside a dumped annotation file, you will have several tracks, one for each segment, which corresponds to the object.
• For an annotation task (independent images). If an object exists on overlapped segments, the overlap is greater than zero and the annotation is good enough on adjacent segments, it will be automatically merged into one object. If overlap equals to zero or annotation is poor on adjacent segments inside a dumped annotation file, you will have several bounding boxes for the same object. Thus, you annotate an object on the first segment. You annotate the same object on second segment, and if you do it right, you will have one track inside the annotations. If annotations on different segments (on overlapped frames) are very different, you will have two shapes for the same object. This functionality works only for bounding boxes. Polygons, polylines, points don’t support automatic merge on overlapped segments even the overlap parameter isn’t zero and match between corresponding shapes on adjacent segments is perfect.

Segment size

Use this option to divide a huge dataset into a few smaller segments. For example, one job cannot be annotated by several labelers (it isn’t supported). Thus using “segment size” you can create several jobs for the same annotation task. It will help you to parallel data annotation process.

Start frame

Frame from which video in task begins.

Stop frame

Frame on which video in task ends.

Frame Step

Use this option to filter video frames. For example, enter 25 to leave every twenty fifth frame in the video or every twenty fifth image.

Chunk size

Defines a number of frames to be packed in a chunk when send from client to server. Server defines automatically if empty.

Recommended values:

• 1080p or less: 36
• 2k or less: 8 - 16
• 4k or less: 4 - 8
• More: 1 - 4

Dataset Repository

URL link of the repository optionally specifies the path to the repository for storage (default: annotation / <dump_file_name> .zip). The .zip and .xml file extension of annotation are supported. Field format: URL [PATH] example: https://github.com/project/repos.git [1/2/3/4/annotation.xml]

Supported URL formats :

• https://github.com/project/repos[.git]
• github.com/project/repos[.git]
• git@github.com:project/repos[.git]

After the task is created, the synchronization status is displayed on the task page.

Use LFS

If the annotation file is large, you can create a repository with LFS support.

Issue tracker

Specify full issue tracker’s URL if it’s necessary.

Push Submit button and it will be added into the list of annotation tasks. Then, the created task will be displayed on a tasks page.

1.3 - Tasks page

The tasks page contains elements and each of them relates to a separate task. They are sorted in creation order. Each element contains: task name, preview, progress bar, button Open, and menu Actions. Each button is responsible for a in menu Actions specific function:

• Export task dataset — download annotations or annotations and images in a specific format. More information is available in the Downloading annotations section.
• Upload annotation is available in the same formats as in Export task dataset. The CVAT format accepts both video and image sub-formats.
• Automatic Annotation — automatic annotation with OpenVINO toolkit. Presence depends on how you build CVAT instance.
• Export task — Export a task into a zip archive. Read more in the export/import a task section.
• Move to project — Moving the task to the project (can be used to move a task from one project to another). Note that attributes reset during the moving process. In case of label mismatch, you can create or delete necessary labels in the project/task. Some task labels can be matched with the target project labels.
• Delete — delete task.

Push Open button to go to task details.

1.4 - Task details

Task details is a task page which contains a preview, a progress bar and the details of the task (specified when the task was created) and the jobs section.

• The next actions are available on this page:

  1. Change the task’s title.
  2. Open Actions menu.
  3. Change issue tracker or open issue tracker if it is specified.
  4. Change labels (available only if the task is not related to the project). You can add new labels or add attributes for the existing labels in the Raw mode or the Constructor mode. By clicking Copy you will copy the labels to the clipboard.
  5. Assigned to — is used to assign a task to a person. Start typing an assignee’s name and/or choose the right person out of the dropdown list.

• Jobs — is a list of all jobs for a particular task. Here you can find the next data:

  • Jobs name with a hyperlink to it.
  • Frames — the frame interval.
  • A status of the job. The status is specified by the user in the menu inside the job. There are three types of status: annotation, validation or completed. The status of the job is changes the progress bar of the task.
  • Started on — start date of this job.
  • Duration — is the amount of time the job is being worked.
  • Assignee is the user who is working on the job. You can start typing an assignee’s name and/or choose the right person out of the dropdown list.
  • Reviewer – a user assigned to carry out the review, read more in the review section.
  • Copy. By clicking Copy you will copy the job list to the clipboard. The job list contains direct links to jobs.

  You can filter or sort jobs by status, as well as by assigner or reviewer.

Follow a link inside Jobs section to start annotation process. In some cases, you can have several links. It depends on size of your task and Overlap Size and Segment Size parameters. To improve UX, only the first chunk of several frames will be loaded and you will be able to annotate first images. Other frames will be loaded in background.

1.5 - Interface of the annotation tool

The tool consists of:

• Header - pinned header used to navigate CVAT sections and account settings;
• Top panel — contains navigation buttons, main functions and menu access;
• Workspace — space where images are shown;
• Controls sidebar — contains tools for navigating the image, zoom, creating shapes and editing tracks (merge, split, group)
• Objects sidebar — contains label filter, two lists: objects (on the frame) and labels (of objects on the frame) and appearance settings.

1.6 - 3D task workspace

If the related_images folder contains any images, a context image will be available in the perspective window. The contextual image could be compared to 3D data and would help to identify the labels of marked objects.

Perspective – a main window for work with objects in a 3D task.

Projections - projections are tied to an object so that a cuboid is in the center and looks like a rectangle. Projections show only the selected object.

• Top – a projection of the view from above.
• Side – a projection of the left side of the object.
• Front - a frontal projection of the object.

1.7 - Types of shapes

There are five shapes which you can annotate your images with:

• Rectangle or Bounding box
• Polygon
• Polyline
• Points
• Cuboid
• Cuboid in 3d task
• Tag

And there is how they all look like:

Tag - has no shape in the workspace, but is displayed in objects sidebar.

1.8 - Basic navigation

1. Use arrows below to move to the next/previous frame. Use the scroll bar slider to scroll through frames. Almost every button has a shortcut. To get a hint about a shortcut, just move your mouse pointer over an UI element.

   

2. To navigate the image, use the button on the controls sidebar. Another way an image can be moved/shifted is by holding the left mouse button inside an area without annotated objects. If the Mouse Wheel is pressed, then all annotated objects are ignored. Otherwise the a highlighted bounding box will be moved instead of the image itself.

   

3. You can use the button on the sidebar controls to zoom on a region of interest. Use the button Fit the image to fit the image in the workspace. You can also use the mouse wheel to scale the image (the image will be zoomed relatively to your current cursor position).

   

1.9 - Shape mode (basics)

Usage examples:

• Create new annotations for a set of images.
• Add/modify/delete objects for existing annotations.

1. You need to select Rectangle on the controls sidebar:

   

   Before you start, select the correct Label (should be specified by you when creating the task) and Drawing Method (by 2 points or by 4 points):

   

2. Creating a new annotation in Shape mode:

   • Create a separate Rectangle by clicking on Shape.

     

   • Choose the opposite points. Your first rectangle is ready!

     

   • To learn about creating a rectangle using the by 4 point drawing method, (read here).

   • It is possible to adjust boundaries and location of the rectangle using a mouse. Rectangle’s size is shown in the top right corner , you can check it by clicking on any point of the shape. You can also undo your actions using Ctrl+Z and redo them with Shift+Ctrl+Z or Ctrl+Y.

3. You can see the Object card in the objects sidebar or open it by right-clicking on the object. You can change the attributes in the details section. You can perform basic operations or delete an object by clicking on the action menu button.

   

4. The following figure is an example of a fully annotated frame with separate shapes.

   

   Read more in the section shape mode (advanced).

1.10 - Track mode (basics)

Usage examples:

• Create new annotations for a sequence of frames.
• Add/modify/delete objects for existing annotations.
• Edit tracks, merge several rectangles into one track.

1. Like in the Shape mode, you need to select a Rectangle on the sidebar, in the appearing form, select the desired Label and the Drawing method.

   

2. Creating a track for an object (look at the selected car as an example):

   • Create a Rectangle in Track mode by clicking on Track.

     

   • In Track mode the rectangle will be automatically interpolated on the next frames.

   • The cyclist starts moving on frame #2270. Let’s mark the frame as a key frame. You can press K for that or click the star button (see the screenshot below).

     

   • If the object starts to change its position, you need to modify the rectangle where it happens. It isn’t necessary to change the rectangle on each frame, simply update several keyframes and the frames between them will be interpolated automatically.

   • Let’s jump 30 frames forward and adjust the boundaries of the object. See an example below:

     

   • After that the rectangle of the object will be changed automatically on frames 2270 to 2300:

     

3. When the annotated object disappears or becomes too small, you need to finish the track. You have to choose Outside Property, shortcut O.

   

4. If the object isn’t visible on a couple of frames and then appears again, you can use the Merge feature to merge several individual tracks into one.

   

   • Create tracks for moments when the cyclist is visible:

     

   • Click Merge button or press key M and click on any rectangle of the first track and on any rectangle of the second track and so on:

     

   • Click Merge button or press M to apply changes.

     

   • The final annotated sequence of frames in Interpolation mode can look like the clip below:

     

     Read more in the section track mode (advanced).

1.11 - Attribute annotation mode (basics)

• In this mode you can edit attributes with fast navigation between objects and frames using a keyboard. Open the drop-down list in the top panel and select Attribute annotation Mode.

  

• In this mode objects panel change to a special panel :

  

• The active attribute will be red. In this case it is gender . Look at the bottom side panel to see all possible shortcuts for changing the attribute. Press key 2 on your keyboard to assign a value (female) for the attribute or select from the drop-down list.

  

• Press Up Arrow/Down Arrow on your keyboard or click the buttons in the UI to go to the next/previous attribute. In this case, after pressing Down Arrow you will be able to edit the Age attribute.

  

• Use Right Arrow/Left Arrow keys to move to the previous/next image with annotation.

To see all the hot keys available in the attribute annotation mode, press F2. Read more in the section attribute annotation mode (advanced).

1.12 - Standard 3D mode (basics)

Standard 3d mode - Designed to work with 3D data. The mode is automatically available if you add PCD or Kitty BIN format data when you create a task. read more

You can adjust the size of the projections, to do so, simply drag the boundary between the projections.

1.13 - 3D Object annotation (basics)

Navigation

To move in 3D space you can use several methods:

• Select the move the image tool so you can move the camera using the mouse:

  

  • Hold down the left mouse button in the perspective window to turn the camera around the conditional point.
  • Hold down the right mouse button in the perspective window to move the camera inside the 3D space.
  • Move the mouse while holding down the wheel to zoom in/out in the perspective window.
  • Scroll the wheel to zoom in/out (works both in perspective and in projections).

• Move using the keys in the perspective window

  

You can move around by pressing the corresponding buttons:

• To rotate the camera use: Shift+arrrowup/Shift+arrrowdown/Shift+arrrowleft/Shift+arrrowright.
• To move left/right use: Allt+J/Alt+L.
• To move up/down use: Alt-U/Alt+O.
• To zoom in/out use: Alt+K/Alt+I.

Creating a cuboid

To create a cube in a 3D task you need to click the appropriate icon on the control sidebar, select the label of the future object and click shape.

After that the cursor will be followed by a cube. In the creation process you can rotate and move the camera only using the keys. Left double-click will create an object. You can place an object only near the dots of the point cloud.

To adjust the size precisely, you need to edit the cuboid on the projections, for this change Сursor on control sidebar or press Esc. In each projection you can:

Move the object in the projection plane - to do this, hover over the object, press the left mouse button and move the object.

Move one of the four points - you can change the size of the cuboid by dragging the points in the projection.

Rotate the cuboid in the projection plane – to rotate the cuboid you should click on the appropriate point and then drag it up/down or to the left/right.

1.14 - Settings

To open the settings open the user menu in the header and select the settings item or press F2.

Settings have two tabs:

In tab Player you can:

• Control step of C and V shortcuts.
• Control speed of Space/Play button.
• Select canvas background color. You can choose a background color or enter manually (in RGB or HEX format).
• Reset zoom Show every image in full size or zoomed out like previous (it is enabled by default for interpolation mode and disabled for annotation mode).
• Rotate all images checkbox — switch the rotation of all frames or an individual frame.

In tab Workspace you can:

• Enable auto save checkbox — turned off by default.

• Auto save interval (min) input box — 15 minutes by default.

• Show all interpolation tracks checkbox — shows hidden objects on the side panel for every interpolated object (turned off by default).

• Always show object details - show text for an object on the canvas not only when the object is activated:

  

• Automatic bordering - enable automatic bordering for polygons and polylines during drawing/editing. For more information To find out more, go to the section annotation with polygons.

• Intelligent polygon cropping - activates intelligent cropping when editing the polygon (read more in the section edit polygon

• Attribute annotation mode (AAM) zoom margin input box — defines margins (in px) for shape in the attribute annotation mode.

• Click Save to save settings (settings will be saved on the server and will not change after the page is refreshed). Click Cancel or press F2 to return to the annotation.

• Default number of points in polygon approximation With this setting, you can choose the default number of points in polygon. Works for serverless interactors and OpenCV scissors.

1.15 - Vocabulary

Label is a type of an annotated object (e.g. person, car, vehicle, etc.)

Attribute is a property of an annotated object (e.g. color, model, quality, etc.). There are two types of attributes:

• Unique: immutable and can’t be changed from frame to frame (e.g. age, gender, color, etc.)

  

• Temporary: mutable and can be changed on any frame (e.g. quality, pose, truncated, etc.)

  

Track is a set of shapes on different frames which corresponds to one object. Tracks are created in Track mode

Annotation is a set of shapes and tracks. There are several types of annotations:

• Manual which is created by a person
• Semi-automatic which is created mainly automatically, but the user provides some data (e.g. interpolation)
• Automatic which is created automatically without a person in the loop

Approximation allows you to reduce the number of points in the polygon. Can be used to reduce the annotation file and to facilitate editing polygons.

1.16 - Top Panel

Menu button

It is the main menu of the annotation tool. It can be used to download, upload and remove annotations.

Button assignment:

• Dump Annotations — downloads annotations from a task.
• Upload Annotations — uploads annotations into a task.
• Remove Annotations — removes annotations from the current job.
• Export as a dataset — download a data set from a task. Several formats are available:
  • Datumaro
  • Pascal VOC 2012
  • MS COCO
  • YOLO
• Open the task — opens a page with details about the task.
• Request a review - calls up the form to submit the job for a review, read more in the review section.
• Finish the job - changes the status of the job to completed and returns to the task page without review.
• Submit the review - (available during the review) calls up the form to submit a review, read more in the review section.

Save Work

Saves annotations for the current job. The button has an indication of the saving process.

Undo-redo buttons

Use buttons to undo actions or redo them.

Done

Used to complete the creation of the object. This button appears only when the object is being created.

Block

Used to pause automatic line creation when drawing a polygon with OpenCV Intelligent scissors. Also used to postpone server requests when creating an object using AI Tools. When blocking is activated, the button turns blue.

Player

Go to the first /the latest frames.

Go to the next/previous frame with a predefined step. Shortcuts: V — step backward, C — step forward. By default the step is 10 frames (change at Account Menu —> Settings —> Player Step).

The button to go to the next / previous frame has the customization possibility. To customize, right-click on the button and select one of three options:

1. The default option - go to the next / previous frame (the step is 1 frame).
2. Go to the next / previous frame that has any objects (in particular filtered). Read the filter section to know the details how to use it.
3. Go to the next / previous frame without annotation at all. Use this option in cases when you need to find missed frames quickly.

Shortcuts: D - previous, F - next.

Play the sequence of frames or the set of images. Shortcut: Space (change at Account Menu —> Settings —> Player Speed).

Go to a specific frame. Press ~ to focus on the element.

Fullscreen Player

The fullscreen player mode. The keyboard shortcut is F11.

Info

Open the job info.

Overview:

• Assignee - the one to whom the job is assigned.
• Reviewer – a user assigned to carry out the review, read more in the review section.
• Start Frame - the number of the first frame in this job.
• End Frame - the number of the last frame in this job.
• Frames - the total number of all frames in the job.

Annotations statistics:

This is a table number of created shapes, sorted by labels (e.g. vehicle, person) and type of annotation (shape, track). As well as the number of manual and interpolated frames.

UI switcher

Switching between user interface modes.

1.17 - Workspace

This is the main field in which drawing and editing objects takes place. In addition the workspace also has the following functions:

• Right-clicking on an object calls up the Object card - this is an element containing the necessary controls for changing the label and attributes of the object, as well as the action menu.

  

• Right-clicking a point deletes it.

  

• Z-axis slider - Allows you to switch annotation layers hiding the upper layers (slider is enabled if several z layers are on a frame). This element has a button for adding a new layer. When pressed, a new layer is added and switched to it. You can move objects in layers using the + and - keys.

  

• Image settings panel -  used to set up the grid and set up image brightness contrast saturation.

  • Show Grid, change grid size, choose color and transparency:

    

  • Adjust Brightness/Contrast/Saturation of too exposed or too dark images using F3 — color settings (changes displaying settings and not the image itself).

  Shortcuts:

  • Shift+B+=/Shift+B+- for brightness.

  • Shift+C+=/Shift+C+- for contrast.

  • Shift+S+=/Shift+S+- for saturation.

    

  • Reset color settings to default values.

1.18 - Controls sidebar

Navigation

Navigation block - contains tools for moving and rotating images.

Icon	Description
	Cursor (Esc)- a basic annotation pedacting tool.
	Move the image- a tool for moving around the image without the possibility of editing.
	Rotate- two buttons to rotate the current frame a clockwise (Ctrl+R) and anticlockwise (Ctrl+Shift+R). You can enable Rotate all images in the settings to rotate all the images in the job

Zoom

Zoom block - contains tools for image zoom.

Icon	Description
	Fit image- fits image into the workspace size. Shortcut - double click on an image
	Select a region of interest- zooms in on a selected region. You can use this tool to quickly zoom in on a specific part of the frame.

Shapes

Shapes block - contains all the tools for creating shapes.

Icon	Description	Links to section
	AI Tools	AI Tools
	OpenCV	OpenCV
	Rectangle	Shape mode; Track mode; Drawing by 4 points
	Polygon	Annotation with polygons; Track mode with polygons
	Polyline	Annotation with polylines
	Points	Annotation with points
	Cuboid	Annotation with cuboids
	Tag	Annotation with tags
	Open an issue	Review (available only in review mode)

Edit

Edit block - contains tools for editing tracks and shapes.

Icon	Description	Links to section
	Merge Shapes(M) — starts/stops the merging shapes mode.	Track mode (basics)
	Group Shapes (G) — starts/stops the grouping shapes mode.	Shape grouping
	Split — splits a track.	Track mode (advanced)

1.19 - Objects sidebar

Hide objects sidebar

Hide - the button hides the object’s sidebar.

Objects

Filter input box

The way how to use filters is described in the advanced guide here.

List of objects

• Switch lock property for all - switches lock property of all objects in the frame.
• Switch hidden property for all - switches hide property of all objects in the frame.
• Expand/collapse all - collapses/expands the details field of all objects in the frame.
• Sorting - sort the list of objects: updated time, ID - accent, ID - descent

In the objects sidebar you can see the list of available objects on the current frame. The following figure is an example of how the list might look like:

Shape mode	Track mode

Objects on the side bar

The type of a shape can be changed by selecting Label property. For instance, it can look like shown on the figure below:

Object action menu

The action menu calls up the button:

The action menu contains:

• Create object URL - puts a link to an object on the clipboard. After you open the link, this object will be filtered.

• Make a copy- copies an object. The keyboard shortcut is Ctrl + C Ctrl + V.

• Propagate - Сopies the form to several frames, invokes a dialog box in which you can specify the number of copies or the frame onto which you want to copy the object. The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + B.

  

• To background - moves the object to the background. The keyboard shortcut -,_.

• To foreground - moves the object to the foreground. The keyboard shortcut +,=.

• Change instance color- choosing a color using the color picker (available only in instance mode).

  

• Remove - removes the object. The keyboard shortcut Del,Shift+Del.

A shape can be locked to prevent its modification or moving by an accident. Shortcut to lock an object: L.

A shape can be Occluded. Shortcut: Q. Such shapes have dashed boundaries.

You can change the way an object is displayed on a frame (show or hide).

Switch pinned property - when enabled, a shape cannot be moved by dragging or dropping.

By clicking on the Details button you can collapse or expand the field with all the attributes of the object.

Labels

In this tab you can lock or hide objects of a certain label. To change the color for a specific label, you need to go to the task page and select the color by clicking the edit button, this way you will change the label color for all jobs in the task.

Fast label change

You can change the label of an object using hot keys. In order to do it, you need to assign a number (from 0 to 9) to labels. By default numbers 1,2…0 are assigned to the first ten labels. To assign a number, click on the button placed at the right of a label name on the sidebar.

After that you will be able to assign a corresponding label to an object by hovering your mouse cursor over it and pressing Ctrl + Num(0..9).

In case you do not point the cursor to the object, pressing Ctrl + Num(0..9) will set a chosen label as default, so that the next object you create (use N key) will automatically have this label assigned.

Appearance

Color By options

Change the color scheme of annotation:

• Instance — every shape has random color

  

• Group — every group of shape has its own random color, ungrouped shapes are white

  

• Label — every label (e.g. car, person) has its own random color

  

  You can change any random color pointing to a needed box on a frame or on an object sidebar.

Fill Opacity slider

Change the opacity of every shape in the annotation.

Selected Fill Opacity slider

Change the opacity of the selected object’s fill. It is possible to change opacity while drawing an object in the case of rectangles, polygons and cuboids.

Outlines borders checkbox

You can change a special shape border color by clicking on the Eyedropper icon.

Show bitmap checkbox

If enabled all shapes are displayed in white and the background is black.

Show projections checkbox

Enables / disables the display of auxiliary perspective lines. Only relevant for cuboids

2 - Advanced

2.1 - Downloading annotations

1. To download the latest annotations, you have to save all changes first. Сlick the Save button. There is a Ctrl+S shortcut to save annotations quickly.

2. After that, сlick the Menu button.

3. Press the Export task dataset button.

   

4. Choose the format for exporting the dataset. Exporting is available in several formats:

   • CVAT for video choose if the task is created in interpolation mode.
   • CVAT for images choose if a task is created in annotation mode.

   

   • PASCAL VOC
   • (VOC) Segmentation mask — archive contains class and instance masks for each frame in the png format and a text file with the value of each color.
   • YOLO
   • COCO
   • TFRecord
   • MOT
   • LabelMe 3.0
   • Datumaro
   • ImageNet
   • CamVid
   • WIDER Face
   • VGGFace2
   • Market-1501
   • ICDAR13/15

   For 3D tasks, the following formats are available:

   • Kitti Raw Format 1.0
   • Sly Point Cloud Format 1.0 - Supervisely Point Cloud dataset

5. To download images with the dataset tick the Save images box

6. (Optional) To name the resulting archive, use the Custom name field.

2.2 - Search

There are several options how to use the search.

• Search within all fields (owner, assignee, task name, task status, task mode). To execute enter a search string in search field.
• Search for specific fields. How to perform:
  • owner: admin - all tasks created by the user who has the substring “admin” in his name
  • assignee: employee - all tasks which are assigned to a user who has the substring “employee” in his name
  • name: training - all tasks with the substring “training” in their names
  • mode: annotation or mode: interpolation - all tasks with images or videos.
  • status: annotation or status: validation or status: completed - search by status
  • id: 5 - task with id = 5.
• Multiple filters. Filters can be combined (except for the identifier) ​​using the keyword AND:
  • mode: interpolation AND owner: admin
  • mode: annotation and status: annotation

The search is case insensitive.

2.3 - Projects

Create project

At CVAT, you can create a project containing tasks of the same type. All tasks related to the project will inherit a list of labels.

To create a project, go to the projects section by clicking on the Projects item in the top menu.  On the projects page, you can see a list of projects, use a search, or create a new project by clicking Create New Project.

You can change: the name of the project, the list of labels (which will be used for tasks created as parts of this project) and a link to the issue.

Once created, the project will appear on the projects page. To open a project, just click on it.

Here you can do the following:

1. Change the project’s title.
2. Open the Actions menu.
3. Change issue tracker or open issue tracker if it is specified.
4. Change labels. You can add new labels or add attributes for the existing labels in the Raw mode or the Constructor mode.  You can also change the color for different labels. By clicking Copy you can copy the labels to the clipboard.
5. Assigned to — is used to assign a project to a person.  Start typing an assignee’s name and/or choose the right person out of the dropdown list.
6. Tasks — is a list of all tasks for a particular project.

It is possible to choose a subset for tasks in the project. You can use the available options (Train, Test, Validation) or set your own.

You can remove the project and all related tasks through the Action menu.

Export project

It is possible to download an entire project instead of exporting individual tasks. In this case, annotations for all tasks in a project will be available in a single archive. To export a project, do the following on the Project page:

• Open the Actions menu.
• Press the Export project dataset button.

Additional information about exporting tasks can be found in the Downloading annotations section.

2.4 - Shape mode (advanced)

Basic operations in the mode were described in section shape mode (basics).

Occluded Occlusion is an attribute used if an object is occluded by another object or isn’t fully visible on the frame. Use Q shortcut to set the property quickly.

Example: the three cars on the figure below should be labeled as occluded.

If a frame contains too many objects and it is difficult to annotate them due to many shapes placed mostly in the same place, it makes sense to lock them. Shapes for locked objects are transparent, and it is easy to annotate new objects. Besides, you can’t change previously annotated objects by accident. Shortcut: L.

2.5 - Track mode (advanced)

Basic operations in the mode were described in section track mode (basics).

Shapes that were created in the track mode, have extra navigation buttons.

• These buttons help to jump to the previous/next keyframe.

  

• The button helps to jump to the initial frame and to the last keyframe.

  

You can use the Split function to split one track into two tracks:

2.6 - Attribute annotation mode (advanced)

Basic operations in the mode were described in section attribute annotation mode (basics).

It is possible to handle lots of objects on the same frame in the mode.

It is more convenient to annotate objects of the same type. In this case you can apply the appropriate filter. For example, the following filter will hide all objects except person: label=="Person".

To navigate between objects (person in this case), use the following buttons switch between objects in the frame on the special panel:

or shortcuts:

• Tab — go to the next object
• Shift+Tab — go to the previous object.

In order to change the zoom level, go to settings (press F3) in the workspace tab and set the value Attribute annotation mode (AAM) zoom margin in px.

2.7 - Annotation with rectangle by 4 points

It is an efficient method of bounding box annotation, proposed here. Before starting, you need to make sure that the drawing method by 4 points is selected.

Press Shape or Track for entering drawing mode. Click on four extreme points: the top, bottom, left- and right-most physical points on the object. Drawing will be automatically completed right after clicking the fourth point. Press Esc to cancel editing.

2.8 - Annotation with points

2.8.1 - Points in shape mode

It is used for face, landmarks annotation etc.

Before you start you need to select the Points. If necessary you can set a fixed number of points in the Number of points field, then drawing will be stopped automatically.

Click Shape to entering the drawing mode. Now you can start annotation of the necessary area. Points are automatically grouped — all points will be considered linked between each start and finish. Press N again or click the Done button on the top panel to finish marking the area. You can delete a point by clicking with pressed Ctrl or right-clicking on a point and selecting Delete point. Clicking with pressed Shift will open the points shape editor. There you can add new points into an existing shape. You can zoom in/out (when scrolling the mouse wheel) and move (when clicking the mouse wheel and moving the mouse) while drawing. You can drag an object after it has been drawn and change the position of individual points after finishing an object.

2.8.2 - Linear interpolation with one point

You can use linear interpolation for points to annotate a moving object:

1. Before you start, select the Points.

2. Linear interpolation works only with one point, so you need to set Number of points to 1.

3. After that select the Track.

   

4. Click Track to enter the drawing mode left-click to create a point and after that shape will be automatically completed.

   

5. Move forward a few frames and move the point to the desired position, this way you will create a keyframe and intermediate frames will be drawn automatically. You can work with this object as with an interpolated track: you can hide it using the Outside, move around keyframes, etc.

   

6. This way you’ll get linear interpolation using the Points.

   

2.9 - Annotation with polylines

It is used for road markup annotation etc.

Before starting, you need to select the Polyline. You can set a fixed number of points in the Number of points field, then drawing will be stopped automatically.

Click Shape to enter drawing mode. There are two ways to draw a polyline — you either create points by clicking or by dragging a mouse on the screen while holding Shift. When Shift isn’t pressed, you can zoom in/out (when scrolling the mouse wheel) and move (when clicking the mouse wheel and moving the mouse), you can delete previous points by right-clicking on it. Press N again or click the Done button on the top panel to complete the shape. You can delete a point by clicking on it with pressed Ctrl or right-clicking on a point and selecting Delete point. Click with pressed Shift will open a polyline editor. There you can create new points(by clicking or dragging) or delete part of a polygon closing the red line on another point. Press Esc to cancel editing.

2.10 - Annotation with polygons

2.10.1 - Manual drawing

It is used for semantic / instance segmentation.

Before starting, you need to select Polygon on the controls sidebar and choose the correct Label.

• Click Shape to enter drawing mode. There are two ways to draw a polygon: either create points by clicking or by dragging the mouse on the screen while holding Shift.

Clicking points	Holding Shift+Dragging

• When Shift isn’t pressed, you can zoom in/out (when scrolling the mouse wheel) and move (when clicking the mouse wheel and moving the mouse), you can also delete the previous point by right-clicking on it.
• You can use the Selected opacity slider in the Objects sidebar to change the opacity of the polygon. You can read more in the Objects sidebar section.
• Press N again or click the Done button on the top panel for completing the shape.
• After creating the polygon, you can move the points or delete them by right-clicking and selecting Delete point or clicking with pressed Alt key in the context menu.

2.10.2 - Drawing using automatic borders

You can use auto borders when drawing a polygon. Using automatic borders allows you to automatically trace the outline of polygons existing in the annotation.

• To do this, go to settings -> workspace tab and enable Automatic Bordering or press Ctrl while drawing a polygon.

  

• Start drawing / editing a polygon.

• Points of other shapes will be highlighted, which means that the polygon can be attached to them.

• Define the part of the polygon path that you want to repeat.

  

• Click on the first point of the contour part.

  

• Then click on any point located on part of the path. The selected point will be highlighted in purple.

  

• Click on the last point and the outline to this point will be built automatically.

  

Besides, you can set a fixed number of points in the Number of points field, then drawing will be stopped automatically. To enable dragging you should right-click inside the polygon and choose Switch pinned property.

Below you can see results with opacity and black stroke:

If you need to annotate small objects, increase Image Quality to 95 in Create task dialog for your convenience.

2.10.3 - Edit polygon

To edit a polygon you have to click on it while holding Shift, it will open the polygon editor.

• In the editor you can create new points or delete part of a polygon by closing the line on another point.

• When Intelligent polygon cropping option is activated in the settings, СVAT considers two criteria to decide which part of a polygon should be cut off during automatic editing.

  • The first criteria is a number of cut points.
  • The second criteria is a length of a cut curve.

  If both criteria recommend to cut the same part, algorithm works automatically, and if not, a user has to make the decision. If you want to choose manually which part of a polygon should be cut off, disable Intelligent polygon cropping in the settings. In this case after closing the polygon, you can select the part of the polygon you want to leave.

  

• You can press Esc to cancel editing.

  

2.10.4 - Track mode with polygons

Polygons in the track mode allow you to mark moving objects more accurately other than using a rectangle (Tracking mode (basic); Tracking mode (advanced)).

1. To create a polygon in the track mode, click the Track button.

   

2. Create a polygon the same way as in the case of Annotation with polygons. Press N or click the Done button on the top panel to complete the polygon.

3. Pay attention to the fact that the created polygon has a starting point and a direction, these elements are important for annotation of the following frames.

4. After going a few frames forward press Shift+N, the old polygon will disappear and you can create a new polygon. The new starting point should match the starting point of the previously created polygon (in this example, the top of the left mirror). The direction must also match (in this example, clockwise). After creating the polygon, press N and the intermediate frames will be interpolated automatically.

   

5. If you need to change the starting point, right-click on the desired point and select Set starting point. To change the direction, right-click on the desired point and select switch orientation.

   

There is no need to redraw the polygon every time using Shift+N, instead you can simply move the points or edit a part of the polygon by pressing Shift+Click.

2.10.5 - Creating masks

Cutting holes in polygons

Currently, CVAT does not support cutting transparent holes in polygons. However, it is poissble to generate holes in exported instance and class masks. To do this, one needs to define a background class in the task and draw holes with it as additional shapes above the shapes needed to have holes:

The editor window:

Remember to use z-axis ordering for shapes by [-] and [+, =] keys.

Exported masks:

Notice that it is currently impossible to have a single instance number for internal shapes (they will be merged into the largest one and then covered by “holes”).

Creating masks

There are several formats in CVAT that can be used to export masks:

• Segmentation Mask (PASCAL VOC masks)
• CamVid
• MOTS
• ICDAR
• COCO (RLE-encoded instance masks, guide)
• TFRecord (over Datumaro, guide):
• Datumaro

An example of exported masks (in the Segmentation Mask format):

Important notices:

• Both boxes and polygons are converted into masks
• Grouped objects are considered as a single instance and exported as a single mask (label and attributes are taken from the largest object in the group)

Class colors

All the labels have associated colors, which are used in the generated masks. These colors can be changed in the task label properties:

Label colors are also displayed in the annotation window on the right panel, where you can show or hide specific labels (only the presented labels are displayed):

A background class can be:

• A default class, which is implicitly-added, of black color (RGB 0, 0, 0)
• background class with any color (has a priority, name is case-insensitive)
• Any class of black color (RGB 0, 0, 0)

To change background color in generated masks (default is black), change background class color to the desired one.

2.11 - OpenCV tools

The tool based on Open CV Computer Vision library which is an open-source product that includes many CV algorithms. Some of these algorithms can be used to simplify the annotation process.

First step to work with OpenCV is to load it into CVAT. Click on the toolbar icon, then click Load OpenCV.

Once it is loaded, the tool’s functionality will be available.

Intelligent scissors

Intelligent scissors is an CV method of creating a polygon by placing points with automatic drawing of a line between them. The distance between the adjacent points is limited by the threshold of action, displayed as a red square which is tied to the cursor.

• First, select the label and then click on the intelligent scissors button.

  

• Create the first point on the boundary of the allocated object. You will see a line repeating the outline of the object.

• Place the second point, so that the previous point is within the restrictive threshold. After that a line repeating the object boundary will be automatically created between the points.

  

  To increase or lower the action threshold, hold Ctrl and scroll the mouse wheel. Increasing action threshold will affect the performance. During the drawing process you can remove the last point by clicking on it with the left mouse button.

• You can also create a boundary manually (like when creating a polygon) by temporarily disabling the automatic line creation. To do that, switch blocking on by pressing Ctrl.

• In the process of drawing, you can select the number of points in the polygon using the switch.

  

• You can use the Selected opacity slider in the Objects sidebar to change the opacity of the polygon. You can read more in the Objects sidebar section.

• Once all the points are placed, you can complete the creation of the object by clicking on the Done button on the top panel or press N on your keyboard. As a result, a polygon will be created (read more about the polygons in the annotation with polygons).

Histogram Equalization

Histogram equalization is an CV method that improves contrast in an image in order to stretch out the intensity range. This method usually increases the global contrast of images when its usable data is represented by close contrast values. It is useful in images with backgrounds and foregrounds that are both bright or both dark.

• First, select the image tab and then click on histogram equalization button.

  

• Then contrast of current frame will be improved. If you change frame, it will be equalized too. You can disable equalization by clicking histogram equalization button again.

  

2.12 - AI Tools

The tool is designed for semi-automatic and automatic annotation using DL models. The tool is available only if there is a corresponding model. For more details about DL models read the Models section.

Interactors

Interactors are used to create a polygon semi-automatically. Supported DL models are not bound to the label and can be used for any objects. To create a polygon usually you need to use regular or positive points. For some kinds of segmentation negative points are available. Positive points are the points related to the object. Negative points should be placed outside the boundary of the object. In most cases specifying positive points alone is enough to build a polygon. A list of available out-of-the-box interactors is placed below.

• Before you start, select the magic wand on the controls sidebar and go to the Interactors tab. Then select a label for the polygon and a required DL model. To view help about each of the models, you can click the Question mark icon.

  

• Click Interact to enter the interaction mode. Depending on the selected model, the method of markup will also differ. Now you can place positive and/or negative points. The IOG model also uses a rectangle. Left click creates a positive point and right click creates a negative point. After placing the required number of points (the number is different depending on the model), the request will be sent to the server and when the process is complete a polygon will be created. If you are not satisfied with the result, you can set additional points or remove points. To delete a point, hover over the point you want to delete, if the point can be deleted, it will enlarge and the cursor will turn into a cross, then left-click on the point. If you want to postpone the request and create a few more points, hold down Ctrl and continue (the Block button on the top panel will turn blue), the request will be sent after the key is released.

  

• In the process of drawing, you can select the number of points in the polygon using the switch.

  

• You can use the Selected opacity slider in the Objects sidebar to change the opacity of the polygon. You can read more in the Objects sidebar section.

• To finish interaction, click on the Done button on the top panel or press N on your keyboard.

• When the object is finished, you can edit it like a polygon. You can read about editing polygons in the Annotation with polygons section.

Deep extreme cut (DEXTR)

This is an optimized version of the original model, introduced at the end of 2017. It uses the information about extreme points of an object to get its mask. The mask then converted to a polygon. For now this is the fastest interactor on CPU.

Feature backpropagating refinement scheme (f-BRS)

The model allows to get a mask for an object using positive points (should be left-clicked on the foreground), and negative points (should be right-clicked on the background, if necessary). It is recommended to run the model on GPU, if possible.

Inside-Outside-Guidance

The model uses a bounding box and inside/outside points to create a mask. First of all, you need to create a bounding box, wrapping the object. Then you need to use positive and negative points to say the model where is a foreground, and where is a background. Negative points are optional.

Detectors

Detectors are used to automatically annotate one frame. Supported DL models are suitable only for certain labels.

• Before you start, click the magic wand on the controls sidebar and select the Detectors icon tab. You need to match the labels of the DL model (left column) with the labels in your task (right column). Then click Annotate.

  

• This action will automatically annotates one frame. In the Automatic annotation section you can read how to make automatic annotation of all frames.

2.13 - Annotation with Tags

It is used to annotate frames, tags are not displayed in the workspace. Before you start, open the drop-down list in the top panel and select Tag annotation.

The objects sidebar will be replaced with a special panel for working with tags. Here you can select a label for a tag and add it by clicking on the Add tag button. You can also customize hotkeys for each label.

If you need to use only one label for one frame, then enable the Automatically go to the next frame checkbox, then after you add the tag the frame will automatically switch to the next.

2.14 - Annotation with cuboids

It is used to annotate 3 dimensional objects such as cars, boxes, etc… Currently the feature supports one point perspective and has the constraint where the vertical edges are exactly parallel to the sides.

2.14.1 - Creating the cuboid

Before you start, you have to make sure that Cuboid is selected and choose a drawing method ”from rectangle” or “by 4 points”.

Drawing cuboid by 4 points

Choose a drawing method “by 4 points” and click Shape to enter the drawing mode. There are many ways to draw a cuboid. You can draw the cuboid by placing 4 points, after that the drawing will be completed automatically. The first 3 points determine the plane of the cuboid while the last point determines the depth of that plane. For the first 3 points, it is recommended to only draw the 2 closest side faces, as well as the top and bottom face.

A few examples:

Drawing cuboid from rectangle

Choose a drawing method “from rectangle” and click Shape to enter the drawing mode. When you draw using the rectangle method, you must select the frontal plane of the object using the bounding box. The depth and perspective of the resulting cuboid can be edited.

Example:

2.14.2 - Editing the cuboid

The cuboid can be edited in multiple ways: by dragging points, by dragging certain faces or by dragging planes. First notice that there is a face that is painted with gray lines only, let us call it the front face.

You can move the cuboid by simply dragging the shape behind the front face. The cuboid can be extended by dragging on the point in the middle of the edges. The cuboid can also be extended up and down by dragging the point at the vertices.

To draw with perspective effects it should be assumed that the front face is the closest to the camera. To begin simply drag the points on the vertices that are not on the gray/front face while holding Shift. The cuboid can then be edited as usual.

If you wish to reset perspective effects, you may right click on the cuboid, and select Reset perspective to return to a regular cuboid.

The location of the gray face can be swapped with the adjacent visible side face. You can do it by right clicking on the cuboid and selecting Switch perspective orientation. Note that this will also reset the perspective effects.

Certain faces of the cuboid can also be edited, these faces are: the left, right and dorsal faces, relative to the gray face. Simply drag the faces to move them independently from the rest of the cuboid.

You can also use cuboids in track mode, similar to rectangles in track mode (basics and advanced) or Track mode with polygons

2.15 - 3D Object annotation (advanced)

As well as 2D-task objects, 3D-task objects support the ability to change appearance, attributes, properties and have an action menu. Read more in objects sidebar section.

Moving an object

If you hover the cursor over a cuboid and press Shift+N, the cuboid will be cut, so you can paste it in other place (double-click to paste the cuboid).

Copying

As well as in 2D task you can copy and paste objects by Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V, but unlike 2D tasks you have to place a copied object in a 3D space (double click to paste).

Image of the projection window

You can copy or save the projection-window image by left-clicking on it and selecting a “save image as” or “copy image”.

2.16 - Filter

There are some reasons to use the feature:

1. When you use a filter, objects that don’t match the filter will be hidden.
2. The fast navigation between frames which have an object of interest. Use the Left Arrow / Right Arrow keys for this purpose or customize the UI buttons by right-clicking and select switching by filter. If there are no objects which correspond to the filter, you will go to the previous / next frame which contains any annotated objects.

To apply filters you need to click on the button on the top panel.

It will open a window for filter input. Here you will find two buttons: Add rule and Add group.

Rules

The “Add rule” button adds a rule for objects display. A rule may use the following properties:

Supported properties:

Supported operators for properties:

== - Equally; != - Not equal; > - More; >= - More or equal; < - Less; <= - Less or equal;

Any in; Not in - these operators allow you to set multiple values in one rule;

Is empty; is not empty – these operators don’t require to input a value.

Between; Not between – these operators allow you to choose a range between two values.

Some properties support two types of values that you can choose:

You can add multiple rules, to do so click the add rule button and set another rule. Once you’ve set a new rule, you’ll be able to choose which operator they will be connected by: And or Or.

All subsequent rules will be joined by the chosen operator. Click Submit to apply the filter or if you want multiple rules to be connected by different operators, use groups.

Groups

To add a group, click the “add group” button. Inside the group you can create rules or groups.

If there is more than one rule in the group, they can be connected by And or Or operators. The rule group will work as well as a separate rule outside the group and will be joined by an operator outside the group. You can create groups within other groups, to do so you need to click the add group button within the group.

You can move rules and groups. To move the rule or group, drag it by the button. To remove the rule or group, click on the Delete button.

If you activate the Not button, objects that don’t match the group will be filtered out. Click Submit to apply the filter. The “Cancel” button undoes the filter. The Clear filter button removes the filter.

Once applied filter automatically appears in Recent used list. Maximum length of the list is 10.

2.17 - Shape grouping

This feature allows us to group several shapes.

You may use the Group Shapes button or shortcuts:

• G — start selection / end selection in group mode
• Esc — close group mode
• Shift+G — reset group for selected shapes

You may select shapes clicking on them or selecting an area.

Grouped shapes will have group_id filed in dumped annotation.

Also you may switch color distribution from an instance (default) to a group. You have to switch Color By Group checkbox for that.

Shapes that don’t have group_id, will be highlighted in white.

2.18 - Review

A special mode to check the annotation allows you to point to an object or area in the frame containing an error. Review mode is not available in 3D tasks. To go into review mode, you need to select Request a review in the menu and assign the user to run a check.

After that, the job status will be changed to validation and the reviewer will be able to open the task in review mode. Review mode is a UI mode, there is a special “issue” tool which you can use to identify objects or areas in the frame and describe the problem.

• To do this, first click open an issue icon on the controls sidebar:

  

• Then click on an object in the frame to highlight the object or highlight the area by holding the left mouse button and describe the problem. The object or area will be shaded in red.

• The created issue will appear in the workspace and in the issues tab on the objects sidebar.

• After you save the annotation, other users will be able to see the problem, comment on each issue and change the status of the problem to resolved.

• You can use the arrows on the issues tab to navigate the frames that contain problems.

  

• Once all the problems are marked, save the annotation, open the menu and select “submit the review”. After that you’ll see a form containing the verification statistics, here you can give an assessment of the job and choose further actions:

  • Accept - changes the status of the job to completed.
  • Review next – passes the job to another user for re-review.
  • Reject - changes the status of the job to annotation.

  

2.19 - Context images for 2d task

When you create a task, you can provide the images with additional contextual images. To do this, create a folder related_images and place a folder with a contextual image in it (make sure the folder has the same name as the image to which it should be tied). An example of the structure:

• root_directory
  • image_1_to_be_annotated.jpg
  • image_2_to_be_annotated.jpg
  • related_images/
    • image_1_to_be_annotated_jpg/
      • context_image_for_image_1.jpg
    • image_2_to_be_annotated_jpg/
      • context_image_for_image_2.jpg
  • subdirectory_example/
    • image_3_to_be_annotated.jpg
    • related_images/
      • image_3_to_be_annotated_jpg/
        • context_image_for_image_3.jpg

The contextual image is displayed in the upper right corner of the workspace. You can hide it by clicking on the corresponding button or maximize the image by clicking on it.

When the image is maximized, you can rotate it clockwise/counterclockwise and zoom in/out. You can also move the image by moving the mouse while holding down the LMB and zoom in/out by scrolling the mouse wheel. To close the image, just click the X.

2.20 - Shortcuts

Many UI elements have shortcut hints. Put your pointer to a required element to see it.

2.21 - Export/import a task

In CVAT you can export and import tasks. This can be used to backup the task on your PC or to transfer the task to another server.

Export task

To export a task, open the action menu and select Export Task.

As a result, you’ll get a zip archive containing data, task specification and annotations with the following structure:

.
├── data
│   ├── {user uploaded data}
│   ├── manifest.jsonl
├── task.json
└── annotations.json

Export task API:

• endpoint: /api/v1/tasks/{id}?action=export​
• method: GET
• responses: 202, 201 with zip archive payload

Import task

To import a task from an archive, go to the tasks page, click the Import Task button and select the archive you need.

As a result, you’ll get a task containing data, parameters, and annotations of the previously exported task.

Import task API:

• endpoint: /api/v1/tasks?action=import​
• method: POST
• Content-Type: multipart/form-data​
• responses: 202, 201 with json payload

2.22 - Task synchronization with a repository

1. At the end of the annotation process, a task is synchronized by clicking Synchronize on the task page. Notice: this feature works only if a git repository was specified when the task was created.

   

2. After synchronization the button Sync is highlighted in green. The annotation is now in the repository in a temporary branch.

   

3. The next step is to go to the repository and manually create a pull request to the main branch.

4. After confirming the PR, when the annotation is saved in the main branch, the color of the task changes to blue.

   

2.23 - Models

The Models page contains a list of deep learning (DL) models deployed for semi-automatic and automatic annotation. To open the Models page, click the Models button on the navigation bar. The list of models is presented in the form of a table. The parameters indicated for each model are the following:

• Framework the model is based on
• model Name
• model Type:
  • detector - used for automatic annotation (available in detectors and automatic annotation)
  • interactor - used for semi-automatic shape annotation (available in interactors)
  • tracker - used for semi-automatic track annotation (available in trackers)
  • reid - used to combine individual objects into a track (available in automatic annotation)
• Description - brief description of the model
• Labels - list of the supported labels (only for the models of the detectors type)

Read how to install your model here.

2.24 - Automatic annotation

Automatic Annotation is used for creating preliminary annotations. To use Automatic Annotation you need a DL model. You can use primary models or models uploaded by a user. You can find the list of available models in the Models section.

1. To launch automatic annotation, you should open the dashboard and find a task which you want to annotate. Then click the Actions button and choose option Automatic Annotation from the dropdown menu.

   

2. In the dialog window select a model you need. DL models are created for specific labels, e.g. the Crossroad model was taught using footage from cameras located above the highway and it is best to use this model for the tasks with similar camera angles. If it’s necessary select the Clean old annotations checkbox. Adjust the labels so that the task labels will correspond to the labels of the DL model. For example, let’s consider a task where you have to annotate labels “car” and “person”. You should connect the “person” label from the model to the “person” label in the task. As for the “car” label, you should choose the most fitting label available in the model - the “vehicle” label. The task requires to annotate cars only and choosing the “vehicle” label implies annotation of all vehicles, in this case using auto annotation will help you complete the task faster. Click Submit to begin the automatic annotation process.

   

3. At runtime - you can see the percentage of completion. You can cancel the automatic annotation by clicking on the Cancelbutton.

   

4. The end result of an automatic annotation is an annotation with separate rectangles (or other shapes)

   

5. You can combine separate bounding boxes into tracks using the Person reidentification model. To do this, click on the automatic annotation item in the action menu again and select the model of the ReID type (in this case the Person reidentification model). You can set the following parameters:

   • Model Threshold is a maximum cosine distance between objects’ embeddings.
   • Maximum distance defines a maximum radius that an object can diverge between adjacent frames.

   

6. You can remove false positives and edit tracks using Split and Merge functions.

   

2.25 - Analytics Monitoring

If your CVAT instance was created with analytics support, you can press the Analytics button in the dashboard and analytics and journals will be opened in a new tab.

The analytics allows you to see how much time every user spends on each task and how much work they did over any time range.

It also has an activity graph which can be modified with a number of users shown and a timeframe.

2.26 - XML annotation format

When you want to download annotations from Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) you can choose one of several data formats. The document describes XML annotation format. Each format has X.Y version (e.g. 1.0). In general the major version (X) is incremented when the data format has incompatible changes and the minor version (Y) is incremented when the data format is slightly modified (e.g. it has one or several extra fields inside meta information). The document will describe all changes for all versions of XML annotation format.

Version 1.1

There are two different formats for images and video tasks at the moment. The both formats have a common part which is described below. From the previous version flipped tag was added. Also original_size tag was added for interpolation mode to specify frame size. In annotation mode each image tag has width and height attributes for the same purpose.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  <version>1.1</version>
  <meta>
    <task>
      <id>Number: id of the task</id>
      <name>String: some task name</name>
      <size>Number: count of frames/images in the task</size>
      <mode>String: interpolation or annotation</mode>
      <overlap>Number: number of overlapped frames between segments</overlap>
      <bugtracker>String: URL on an page which describe the task</bugtracker>
      <flipped>Boolean: were images of the task flipped? (True/False)</flipped>
      <created>String: date when the task was created</created>
      <updated>String: date when the task was updated</updated>
      <labels>
        <label>
          <name>String: name of the label (e.g. car, person)</name>
          <attributes>
            <attribute>
              <name>String: attribute name</name>
              <mutable>Boolean: mutable (allow different values between frames)</mutable>
              <input_type>String: select, checkbox, radio, number, text</input_type>
              <default_value>String: default value</default_value>
              <values>String: possible values, separated by newlines
ex. value 2
ex. value 3</values>
            </attribute>
          </attributes>
        </label>
      </labels>
      <segments>
        <segment>
          <id>Number: id of the segment</id>
          <start>Number: first frame</start>
          <stop>Number: last frame</stop>
          <url>String: URL (e.g. http://cvat.example.com/?id=213)</url>
        </segment>
      </segments>
      <owner>
        <username>String: the author of the task</username>
        <email>String: email of the author</email>
      </owner>
      <original_size>
        <width>Number: frame width</width>
        <height>Number: frame height</height>
      </original_size>
    </task>
    <dumped>String: date when the annotation was dumped</dumped>
  </meta>
  ...
</annotations>

Annotation

Below you can find description of the data format for images tasks. On each image it is possible to have many different objects. Each object can have multiple attributes. If an annotation task is created with z_order flag then each object will have z_order attribute which is used to draw objects properly when they are intersected (if z_order is bigger the object is closer to camera). In previous versions of the format only box shape was available. In later releases polygon, polyline, and points were added. Please see below for more details:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  ...
  <image id="Number: id of the image (the index in lexical order of images)" name="String: path to the image"
    width="Number: image width" height="Number: image height">
    <box label="String: the associated label" xtl="Number: float" ytl="Number: float" xbr="Number: float" ybr="Number: float" occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" z_order="Number: z-order of the object">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
      ...
    </box>
    <polygon label="String: the associated label" points="x0,y0;x1,y1;..." occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True"
    z_order="Number: z-order of the object">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
      ...
    </polygon>
    <polyline label="String: the associated label" points="x0,y0;x1,y1;..." occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True"
    z_order="Number: z-order of the object">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
      ...
    </polyline>
    <polyline label="String: the associated label" points="x0,y0;x1,y1;..." occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True"
    z_order="Number: z-order of the object">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
      ...
    </polyline>
    <points label="String: the associated label" points="x0,y0;x1,y1;..." occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True"
    z_order="Number: z-order of the object">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
      ...
    </points>
    ...
  </image>
  ...
</annotations>

Example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  <version>1.1</version>
  <meta>
    <task>
      <id>4</id>
      <name>segmentation</name>
      <size>27</size>
      <mode>annotation</mode>
      <overlap>0</overlap>
      <bugtracker></bugtracker>
      <flipped>False</flipped>
      <created>2018-09-25 11:34:24.617558+03:00</created>
      <updated>2018-09-25 11:38:27.301183+03:00</updated>
      <labels>
        <label>
          <name>car</name>
          <attributes>
          </attributes>
        </label>
        <label>
          <name>traffic_line</name>
          <attributes>
          </attributes>
        </label>
        <label>
          <name>wheel</name>
          <attributes>
          </attributes>
        </label>
        <label>
          <name>plate</name>
          <attributes>
          </attributes>
        </label>
      </labels>
      <segments>
        <segment>
          <id>4</id>
          <start>0</start>
          <stop>26</stop>
          <url>http://localhost:8080/?id=4</url>
        </segment>
      </segments>
      <owner>
        <username>admin</username>
        <email></email>
      </owner>
    </task>
    <dumped>2018-09-25 11:38:28.799808+03:00</dumped>
  </meta>
  <image id="0" name="filename000.jpg" width="1600" height="1200">
    <box label="plate" xtl="797.33" ytl="870.92" xbr="965.52" ybr="928.94" occluded="0" z_order="4">
    </box>
    <polygon label="car" points="561.30,916.23;561.30,842.77;554.72,761.63;553.62,716.67;565.68,677.20;577.74,566.45;547.04,559.87;536.08,542.33;528.40,520.40;541.56,512.72;559.10,509.43;582.13,506.14;588.71,464.48;583.23,448.03;587.61,434.87;594.19,431.58;609.54,399.78;633.66,369.08;676.43,294.52;695.07,279.17;703.84,279.17;735.64,268.20;817.88,264.91;923.14,266.01;997.70,274.78;1047.04,283.55;1063.49,289.04;1090.90,330.70;1111.74,371.27;1135.86,397.59;1147.92,428.29;1155.60,435.97;1157.79,451.32;1156.69,462.28;1159.98,491.89;1163.27,522.59;1173.14,513.82;1199.46,516.01;1224.68,521.49;1225.77,544.52;1207.13,568.64;1181.91,576.32;1178.62,582.90;1177.53,619.08;1186.30,680.48;1199.46,711.19;1206.03,733.12;1203.84,760.53;1197.26,818.64;1199.46,840.57;1203.84,908.56;1192.88,930.49;1184.10,939.26;1162.17,944.74;1139.15,960.09;1058.01,976.54;1028.40,969.96;1002.09,972.15;931.91,974.35;844.19,972.15;772.92,972.15;729.06,967.77;713.71,971.06;685.20,973.25;659.98,968.86;644.63,984.21;623.80,983.12;588.71,985.31;560.20,966.67" occluded="0" z_order="1">
    </polygon>
    <polyline label="traffic_line" points="462.10,0.00;126.80,1200.00" occluded="0" z_order="3">
    </polyline>
    <polyline label="traffic_line" points="1212.40,0.00;1568.66,1200.00" occluded="0" z_order="2">
    </polyline>
    <points label="wheel" points="574.90,939.48;1170.16,907.90;1130.69,445.26;600.16,459.48" occluded="0" z_order="5">
    </points>
  </image>
</annotations>

Interpolation

Below you can find description of the data format for video tasks. The annotation contains tracks. Each track corresponds to an object which can be presented on multiple frames. The same object cannot be presented on the same frame in multiple locations. Each location of the object can have multiple attributes even if an attribute is immutable for the object it will be cloned for each location (a known redundancy).

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  ...
  <track id="Number: id of the track (doesn't have any special meeting" label="String: the associated label">
    <box frame="Number: frame" xtl="Number: float" ytl="Number: float" xbr="Number: float" ybr="Number: float" outside="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" keyframe="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
      ...
    </box>
    <polygon frame="Number: frame" points="x0,y0;x1,y1;..." outside="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" keyframe="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
    </polygon>
    <polyline frame="Number: frame" points="x0,y0;x1,y1;..." outside="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" keyframe="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
    </polyline>
    <points frame="Number: frame" points="x0,y0;x1,y1;..." outside="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" keyframe="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
    </points>
    ...
  </track>
  ...
</annotations>

Example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  <version>1.1</version>
  <meta>
    <task>
      <id>5</id>
      <name>interpolation</name>
      <size>4620</size>
      <mode>interpolation</mode>
      <overlap>5</overlap>
      <bugtracker></bugtracker>
      <flipped>False</flipped>
      <created>2018-09-25 12:32:09.868194+03:00</created>
      <updated>2018-09-25 16:05:05.619841+03:00</updated>
      <labels>
        <label>
          <name>person</name>
          <attributes>
          </attributes>
        </label>
        <label>
          <name>car</name>
          <attributes>
          </attributes>
        </label>
      </labels>
      <segments>
        <segment>
          <id>5</id>
          <start>0</start>
          <stop>4619</stop>
          <url>http://localhost:8080/?id=5</url>
        </segment>
      </segments>
      <owner>
        <username>admin</username>
        <email></email>
      </owner>
      <original_size>
        <width>640</width>
        <height>480</height>
      </original_size>
    </task>
    <dumped>2018-09-25 16:05:07.134046+03:00</dumped>
  </meta>
  <track id="0" label="car">
    <polygon frame="0" points="324.79,213.16;323.74,227.90;347.42,237.37;371.11,217.37;350.05,190.00;318.47,191.58" outside="0" occluded="0" keyframe="1">
    </polygon>
    <polygon frame="1" points="324.79,213.16;323.74,227.90;347.42,237.37;371.11,217.37;350.05,190.00;318.47,191.58" outside="1" occluded="0" keyframe="1">
    </polygon>
    <polygon frame="6" points="305.32,237.90;312.16,207.90;352.69,206.32;355.32,233.16;331.11,254.74" outside="0" occluded="0" keyframe="1">
    </polygon>
    <polygon frame="7" points="305.32,237.90;312.16,207.90;352.69,206.32;355.32,233.16;331.11,254.74" outside="1" occluded="0" keyframe="1">
    </polygon>
    <polygon frame="13" points="313.74,233.16;331.11,220.00;359.53,243.16;333.21,283.16;287.95,274.74" outside="0" occluded="0" keyframe="1">
    </polygon>
    <polygon frame="14" points="313.74,233.16;331.11,220.00;359.53,243.16;333.21,283.16;287.95,274.74" outside="1" occluded="0" keyframe="1">
    </polygon>
  </track>
</annotations>

Version 1

There are two different formats for images and video tasks at the moment. Both formats has a common part which is described below:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <meta>
    <task>
      <id>Number: id of the task</id>
      <name>String: some task name</name>
      <size>Number: count of frames/images in the task</size>
      <mode>String: interpolation or annotation</mode>
      <overlap>Number: number of overlapped frames between segments</overlap>
      <bugtracker>String: URL on an page which describe the task</bugtracker>
      <created>String: date when the task was created</created>
      <updated>String: date when the task was updated</updated>
      <labels>
        <label>
          <name>String: name of the label (e.g. car, person)</name>
          <attributes>
            <attribute>String: attributes for the label (e.g. @select=quality:good,bad)</attribute>
          </attributes>
        </label>
      </labels>
      <segments>
        <segment>
          <id>Number: id of the segment</id>
          <start>Number: first frame</start>
          <stop>Number: last frame</stop>
          <url>String: URL (e.g. http://cvat.example.com/?id=213)</url>
        </segment>
      </segments>
      <owner>
        <username>String: the author of the task</username>
        <email>String: email of the author</email>
      </owner>
    </task>
    <dumped>String: date when the annotation was dumped</dumped>
  </meta>
  ...
</annotations>

Annotation

Below you can find description of the data format for images tasks.

On each image it is possible to have many different objects. Each object can have multiple attributes.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  ...
  <image id="Number: id of the image (the index in lexical order of images)" name="String: path to the image">
    <box label="String: the associated label" xtl="Number: float" ytl="Number: float" xbr="Number: float" ybr="Number: float" occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
      ...
    </box>
    ...
  </image>
  ...
</annotations>

Example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <meta>
    <task>
      <id>1063</id>
      <name>My annotation task</name>
      <size>75</size>
      <mode>annotation</mode>
      <overlap>0</overlap>
      <bugtracker></bugtracker>
      <created>2018-06-06 11:57:54.807162+03:00</created>
      <updated>2018-06-06 12:42:29.375251+03:00</updated>
      <labels>
        <label>
          <name>car</name>
          <attributes>
            <attribute>@select=model:a,b,c,d</attribute>
          </attributes>
        </label>
      </labels>
      <segments>
        <segment>
          <id>3086</id>
          <start>0</start>
          <stop>74</stop>
          <url>http://cvat.examle.com:8080/?id=3086</url>
        </segment>
      </segments>
      <owner>
        <username>admin</username>
        <email></email>
      </owner>
    </task>
    <dumped>2018-06-06 15:47:04.386866+03:00</dumped>
  </meta>
  <image id="0" name="C15_L1_0001.jpg">
    <box label="car" xtl="38.95" ytl="26.51" xbr="140.64" ybr="54.29" occluded="0">
      <attribute name="parked">false</attribute>
      <attribute name="model">a</attribute>
    </box>
  </image>
  <image id="1" name="C15_L1_0002.jpg">
    <box label="car" xtl="49.13" ytl="23.34" xbr="149.54" ybr="53.88" occluded="0">
      <attribute name="parked">true</attribute>
      <attribute name="model">a</attribute>
    </box>
  </image>
  <image id="2" name="C15_L1_0003.jpg">
    <box label="car" xtl="50.73" ytl="30.26" xbr="146.72" ybr="59.97" occluded="0">
      <attribute name="parked">false</attribute>
      <attribute name="model">b</attribute>
    </box>
  </image>
  <image id="39" name="C15_L1_0040.jpg">
    <box label="car" xtl="49.60" ytl="30.15" xbr="150.19" ybr="58.06" occluded="0">
      <attribute name="parked">false</attribute>
      <attribute name="model">c</attribute>
    </box>
  </image>
</annotations>

Interpolation

Below you can find description of the data format for video tasks. The annotation contains tracks. Each track corresponds to an object which can be presented on multiple frames. The same object cannot be presented on the same frame in multiple locations. Each location of the object can have multiple attributes even if an attribute is immutable for the object it will be cloned for each location (a known redundancy).

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  ...
  <track id="Number: id of the track (doesn't have any special meeting" label="String: the associated label">
    <box frame="Number: frame" xtl="Number: float" ytl="Number: float" xbr="Number: float" ybr="Number: float" outside="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" occluded="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True" keyframe="Number: 0 - False, 1 - True">
      <attribute name="String: an attribute name">String: the attribute value</attribute>
      ...
    </box>
    ...
  </track>
  ...
</annotations>

Example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<annotations>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <meta>
    <task>
      <id>1062</id>
      <name>My interpolation task</name>
      <size>30084</size>
      <mode>interpolation</mode>
      <overlap>20</overlap>
      <bugtracker></bugtracker>
      <created>2018-05-31 14:13:36.483219+03:00</created>
      <updated>2018-06-06 13:56:32.113705+03:00</updated>
      <labels>
        <label>
          <name>car</name>
          <attributes>
            <attribute>@select=model:1,2,3,4</attribute>
          </attributes>
        </label>
      </labels>
      <segments>
        <segment>
          <id>3085</id>
          <start>0</start>
          <stop>30083</stop>
          <url>http://cvat.example.com:8080/?id=3085</url>
        </segment>
      </segments>
      <owner>
        <username>admin</username>
        <email></email>
      </owner>
    </task>
    <dumped>2018-06-06 15:52:11.138470+03:00</dumped>
  </meta>
  <track id="0" label="car">
    <box frame="110" xtl="634.12" ytl="37.68" xbr="661.50" ybr="71.37" outside="0" occluded="1" keyframe="1">
      <attribute name="model">1</attribute>
    </box>
    <box frame="111" xtl="634.21" ytl="38.50" xbr="661.59" ybr="72.19" outside="0" occluded="1" keyframe="0">
      <attribute name="model">1</attribute>
    </box>
    <box frame="112" xtl="634.30" ytl="39.32" xbr="661.67" ybr="73.01" outside="1" occluded="1" keyframe="1">
      <attribute name="model">1</attribute>
    </box>
  </track>
  <track id="1" label="car">
    <box frame="0" xtl="626.81" ytl="30.96" xbr="656.05" ybr="58.88" outside="0" occluded="0" keyframe="1">
      <attribute name="model">3</attribute>
    </box>
    <box frame="1" xtl="626.63" ytl="31.56" xbr="655.87" ybr="59.48" outside="0" occluded="0" keyframe="0">
      <attribute name="model">3</attribute>
    </box>
    <box frame="2" xtl="626.09" ytl="33.38" xbr="655.33" ybr="61.29" outside="1" occluded="0" keyframe="1">
      <attribute name="model">3</attribute>
    </box>
  </track>
</annotations>

2.27 - Formats

CVAT supported the following formats:

• CVAT
• Datumaro
• LabelMe
• MOT
• MOTS
• COCO
• PASCAL VOC and mask
• YOLO
• TF detection API
• ImageNet
• CamVid
• WIDER Face
• VGGFace2
• Market-1501
• ICDAR13/15

2.27.1 -

CVAT

This is the native CVAT annotation format. It supports all CVAT annotations features, so it can be used to make data backups.

• supported annotations CVAT for Images: Rectangles, Polygons, Polylines, Points, Cuboids, Tags, Tracks

• supported annotations CVAT for Videos: Rectangles, Polygons, Polylines, Points, Cuboids, Tracks

• attributes are supported

• Format specification

CVAT for images export

Downloaded file: a ZIP file of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── images/
|   ├── img1.png
|   └── img2.jpg
└── annotations.xml

• tracks are split by frames

CVAT for videos export

Downloaded file: a ZIP file of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── images/
|   ├── frame_000000.png
|   └── frame_000001.png
└── annotations.xml

• shapes are exported as single-frame tracks

CVAT loader

Uploaded file: an XML file or a ZIP file of the structures above

2.27.2 -

Datumaro format

Datumaro is a tool, which can help with complex dataset and annotation transformations, format conversions, dataset statistics, merging, custom formats etc. It is used as a provider of dataset support in CVAT, so basically, everything possible in CVAT is possible in Datumaro too, but Datumaro can offer dataset operations.

• supported annotations: any 2D shapes, labels
• supported attributes: any

2.27.3 -

LabelMe

LabelMe export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── img1.jpg
└── img1.xml

• supported annotations: Rectangles, Polygons (with attributes)

LabelMe import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── Masks/
|   ├── img1_mask1.png
|   └── img1_mask2.png
├── img1.xml
├── img2.xml
└── img3.xml

• supported annotations: Rectangles, Polygons, Masks (as polygons)

2.27.4 -

MOT sequence

MOT export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── img1/
|   ├── image1.jpg
|   └── image2.jpg
└── gt/
    ├── labels.txt
    └── gt.txt

# labels.txt
cat
dog
person
...

# gt.txt
# frame_id, track_id, x, y, w, h, "not ignored", class_id, visibility, <skipped>
1,1,1363,569,103,241,1,1,0.86014
...

• supported annotations: Rectangle shapes and tracks
• supported attributes: visibility (number), ignored (checkbox)

MOT import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure above or:

taskname.zip/
├── labels.txt # optional, mandatory for non-official labels
└── gt.txt

• supported annotations: Rectangle tracks

2.27.5 -

MOTS PNG

MOTS PNG export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
└── <any_subset_name>/
    |   images/
    |   ├── image1.jpg
    |   └── image2.jpg
    └── instances/
        ├── labels.txt
        ├── image1.png
        └── image2.png

# labels.txt
cat
dog
person
...

• supported annotations: Rectangle and Polygon tracks

MOTS PNG import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure above

• supported annotations: Polygon tracks

2.27.6 -

MS COCO Object Detection

• Format specification

COCO export

Downloaded file: a zip archive with the structure described here

• supported annotations: Polygons, Rectangles
• supported attributes:
  • is_crowd (checkbox or integer with values 0 and 1) - specifies that the instance (an object group) should have an RLE-encoded mask in the segmentation field. All the grouped shapes are merged into a single mask, the largest one defines all the object properties
  • score (number) - the annotation score field
  • arbitrary attributes - will be stored in the attributes annotation section

Support for COCO tasks via Datumaro is described here For example, support for COCO keypoints over Datumaro:

1. Install Datumaro pip install datumaro
2. Export the task in the Datumaro format, unzip
3. Export the Datumaro project in coco / coco_person_keypoints formats datum export -f coco -p path/to/project [-- --save-images]

This way, one can export CVAT points as single keypoints or keypoint lists (without the visibility COCO flag).

COCO import

Uploaded file: a single unpacked *.json or a zip archive with the structure described here (without images).

• supported annotations: Polygons, Rectangles (if the segmentation field is empty)

How to create a task from MS COCO dataset

1. Download the MS COCO dataset.

   For example val images and instances annotations

2. Create a CVAT task with the following labels:

   person bicycle car motorcycle airplane bus train truck boat "traffic light" "fire hydrant" "stop sign" "parking meter" bench bird cat dog horse sheep cow elephant bear zebra giraffe backpack umbrella handbag tie suitcase frisbee skis snowboard "sports ball" kite "baseball bat" "baseball glove" skateboard surfboard "tennis racket" bottle "wine glass" cup fork knife spoon bowl banana apple sandwich orange broccoli carrot "hot dog" pizza donut cake chair couch "potted plant" bed "dining table" toilet tv laptop mouse remote keyboard "cell phone" microwave oven toaster sink refrigerator book clock vase scissors "teddy bear" "hair drier" toothbrush
   

3. Select val2017.zip as data (See Creating an annotation task guide for details)

4. Unpack annotations_trainval2017.zip

5. click Upload annotation button, choose COCO 1.1 and select instances_val2017.json annotation file. It can take some time.

2.27.7 -

Pascal VOC

• Format specification

• supported annotations:

  • Rectangles (detection and layout tasks)
  • Tags (action- and classification tasks)
  • Polygons (segmentation task)

• supported attributes:

  • occluded (both UI option and a separate attribute)
  • truncated and difficult (should be defined for labels as checkbox -es)
  • action attributes (import only, should be defined as checkbox -es)
  • arbitrary attributes (in the attributes section of XML files)

Pascal VOC export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── JPEGImages/
│   ├── <image_name1>.jpg
│   ├── <image_name2>.jpg
│   └── <image_nameN>.jpg
├── Annotations/
│   ├── <image_name1>.xml
│   ├── <image_name2>.xml
│   └── <image_nameN>.xml
├── ImageSets/
│   └── Main/
│       └── default.txt
└── labelmap.txt

# labelmap.txt
# label : color_rgb : 'body' parts : actions
background:::
aeroplane:::
bicycle:::
bird:::

Pascal VOC import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure declared above or the following:

taskname.zip/
├── <image_name1>.xml
├── <image_name2>.xml
└── <image_nameN>.xml

It must be possible for CVAT to match the frame name and file name from annotation .xml file (the filename tag, e. g. <filename>2008_004457.jpg</filename> ).

There are 2 options:

1. full match between frame name and file name from annotation .xml (in cases when task was created from images or image archive).

2. match by frame number. File name should be <number>.jpg or frame_000000.jpg. It should be used when task was created from video.

Segmentation mask export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── labelmap.txt # optional, required for non-VOC labels
├── ImageSets/
│   └── Segmentation/
│       └── default.txt # list of image names without extension
├── SegmentationClass/ # merged class masks
│   ├── image1.png
│   └── image2.png
└── SegmentationObject/ # merged instance masks
    ├── image1.png
    └── image2.png

# labelmap.txt
# label : color (RGB) : 'body' parts : actions
background:0,128,0::
aeroplane:10,10,128::
bicycle:10,128,0::
bird:0,108,128::
boat:108,0,100::
bottle:18,0,8::
bus:12,28,0::

Mask is a png image with 1 or 3 channels where each pixel has own color which corresponds to a label. Colors are generated following to Pascal VOC algorithm. (0, 0, 0) is used for background by default.

• supported shapes: Rectangles, Polygons

Segmentation mask import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

  taskname.zip/
  ├── labelmap.txt # optional, required for non-VOC labels
  ├── ImageSets/
  │   └── Segmentation/
  │       └── <any_subset_name>.txt
  ├── SegmentationClass/
  │   ├── image1.png
  │   └── image2.png
  └── SegmentationObject/
      ├── image1.png
      └── image2.png

It is also possible to import grayscale (1-channel) PNG masks. For grayscale masks provide a list of labels with the number of lines equal to the maximum color index on images. The lines must be in the right order so that line index is equal to the color index. Lines can have arbitrary, but different, colors. If there are gaps in the used color indices in the annotations, they must be filled with arbitrary dummy labels. Example:

q:0,128,0:: # color index 0
aeroplane:10,10,128:: # color index 1
_dummy2:2,2,2:: # filler for color index 2
_dummy3:3,3,3:: # filler for color index 3
boat:108,0,100:: # color index 3
...
_dummy198:198,198,198:: # filler for color index 198
_dummy199:199,199,199:: # filler for color index 199
...
the last label:12,28,0:: # color index 200

• supported shapes: Polygons

How to create a task from Pascal VOC dataset

1. Download the Pascal Voc dataset (Can be downloaded from the PASCAL VOC website)

2. Create a CVAT task with the following labels:

   aeroplane bicycle bird boat bottle bus car cat chair cow diningtable
   dog horse motorbike person pottedplant sheep sofa train tvmonitor
   

   You can add ~checkbox=difficult:false ~checkbox=truncated:false attributes for each label if you want to use them.

   Select interesting image files (See Creating an annotation task guide for details)

3. zip the corresponding annotation files

4. click Upload annotation button, choose Pascal VOC ZIP 1.1

   and select the zip file with annotations from previous step. It may take some time.

2.27.8 -

YOLO

• Format specification
• supported annotations: Rectangles

YOLO export

Downloaded file: a zip archive with following structure:

archive.zip/
├── obj.data
├── obj.names
├── obj_<subset>_data
│   ├── image1.txt
│   └── image2.txt
└── train.txt # list of subset image paths

# the only valid subsets are: train, valid
# train.txt and valid.txt:
obj_<subset>_data/image1.jpg
obj_<subset>_data/image2.jpg

# obj.data:
classes = 3 # optional
names = obj.names
train = train.txt
valid = valid.txt # optional
backup = backup/ # optional

# obj.names:
cat
dog
airplane

# image_name.txt:
# label_id - id from obj.names
# cx, cy - relative coordinates of the bbox center
# rw, rh - relative size of the bbox
# label_id cx cy rw rh
1 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.3
2 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1

Each annotation *.txt file has a name that corresponds to the name of the image file (e. g. frame_000001.txt is the annotation for the frame_000001.jpg image). The *.txt file structure: each line describes label and bounding box in the following format label_id cx cy w h. obj.names contains the ordered list of label names.

YOLO import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the same structure as above It must be possible to match the CVAT frame (image name) and annotation file name. There are 2 options:

1. full match between image name and name of annotation *.txt file (in cases when a task was created from images or archive of images).

2. match by frame number (if CVAT cannot match by name). File name should be in the following format <number>.jpg . It should be used when task was created from a video.

How to create a task from YOLO formatted dataset (from VOC for example)

1. Follow the official guide(see Training YOLO on VOC section) and prepare the YOLO formatted annotation files.

2. Zip train images

zip images.zip -j -@ < train.txt

1. Create a CVAT task with the following labels:

   aeroplane bicycle bird boat bottle bus car cat chair cow diningtable dog
   horse motorbike person pottedplant sheep sofa train tvmonitor
   

   Select images. zip as data. Most likely you should use share functionality because size of images. zip is more than 500Mb. See Creating an annotation task guide for details.

2. Create obj.names with the following content:

   aeroplane
   bicycle
   bird
   boat
   bottle
   bus
   car
   cat
   chair
   cow
   diningtable
   dog
   horse
   motorbike
   person
   pottedplant
   sheep
   sofa
   train
   tvmonitor
   

3. Zip all label files together (we need to add only label files that correspond to the train subset)

   cat train.txt | while read p; do echo ${p%/*/*}/labels/${${p##*/}%%.*}.txt; done | zip labels.zip -j -@ obj.names
   

4. Click Upload annotation button, choose YOLO 1.1 and select the zip

   file with labels from the previous step.

2.27.9 -

TFRecord

TFRecord is a very flexible format, but we try to correspond the format that used in TF object detection with minimal modifications.

Used feature description:

image_feature_description = {
    'image/filename': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
    'image/source_id': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
    'image/height': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
    'image/width': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
    # Object boxes and classes.
    'image/object/bbox/xmin': tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.float32),
    'image/object/bbox/xmax': tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.float32),
    'image/object/bbox/ymin': tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.float32),
    'image/object/bbox/ymax': tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.float32),
    'image/object/class/label': tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.int64),
    'image/object/class/text': tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.string),
}

TFRecord export

Downloaded file: a zip archive with following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── default.tfrecord
└── label_map.pbtxt

# label_map.pbtxt
item {
	id: 1
	name: 'label_0'
}
item {
	id: 2
	name: 'label_1'
}
...

• supported annotations: Rectangles, Polygons (as masks, manually over Datumaro)

How to export masks:

1. Export annotations in Datumaro format
2. Apply polygons_to_masks and boxes_to_masks transforms

datum transform -t polygons_to_masks -p path/to/proj -o ptm
datum transform -t boxes_to_masks -p ptm -o btm

1. Export in the TF Detection API format

datum export -f tf_detection_api -p btm [-- --save-images]

TFRecord import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of following structure:

taskname.zip/
└── <any name>.tfrecord

• supported annotations: Rectangles

How to create a task from TFRecord dataset (from VOC2007 for example)

1. Create label_map.pbtxt file with the following content:

item {
    id: 1
    name: 'aeroplane'
}
item {
    id: 2
    name: 'bicycle'
}
item {
    id: 3
    name: 'bird'
}
item {
    id: 4
    name: 'boat'
}
item {
    id: 5
    name: 'bottle'
}
item {
    id: 6
    name: 'bus'
}
item {
    id: 7
    name: 'car'
}
item {
    id: 8
    name: 'cat'
}
item {
    id: 9
    name: 'chair'
}
item {
    id: 10
    name: 'cow'
}
item {
    id: 11
    name: 'diningtable'
}
item {
    id: 12
    name: 'dog'
}
item {
    id: 13
    name: 'horse'
}
item {
    id: 14
    name: 'motorbike'
}
item {
    id: 15
    name: 'person'
}
item {
    id: 16
    name: 'pottedplant'
}
item {
    id: 17
    name: 'sheep'
}
item {
    id: 18
    name: 'sofa'
}
item {
    id: 19
    name: 'train'
}
item {
    id: 20
    name: 'tvmonitor'
}

1. Use create_pascal_tf_record.py

to convert VOC2007 dataset to TFRecord format. As example:

python create_pascal_tf_record.py --data_dir <path to VOCdevkit> --set train --year VOC2007 --output_path pascal.tfrecord --label_map_path label_map.pbtxt

1. Zip train images

   cat <path to VOCdevkit>/VOC2007/ImageSets/Main/train.txt | while read p; do echo <path to VOCdevkit>/VOC2007/JPEGImages/${p}.jpg  ; done | zip images.zip -j -@
   

2. Create a CVAT task with the following labels:

   aeroplane bicycle bird boat bottle bus car cat chair cow diningtable dog horse motorbike person pottedplant sheep sofa train tvmonitor
   

   Select images. zip as data. See Creating an annotation task guide for details.

3. Zip pascal.tfrecord and label_map.pbtxt files together

   zip anno.zip -j <path to pascal.tfrecord> <path to label_map.pbtxt>
   

4. Click Upload annotation button, choose TFRecord 1.0 and select the zip file

   with labels from the previous step. It may take some time.

2.27.10 -

ImageNet

ImageNet export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

# if we save images:
taskname.zip/
├── label1/
|   ├── label1_image1.jpg
|   └── label1_image2.jpg
└── label2/
    ├── label2_image1.jpg
    ├── label2_image3.jpg
    └── label2_image4.jpg

# if we keep only annotation:
taskname.zip/
├── <any_subset_name>.txt
└── synsets.txt

• supported annotations: Labels

ImageNet import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure above

• supported annotations: Labels

2.27.11 -

WIDER Face

WIDER Face export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── labels.txt # optional
├── wider_face_split/
│   └── wider_face_<any_subset_name>_bbx_gt.txt
└── WIDER_<any_subset_name>/
    └── images/
        ├── 0--label0/
        │   └── 0_label0_image1.jpg
        └── 1--label1/
            └── 1_label1_image2.jpg

• supported annotations: Rectangles (with attributes), Labels
• supported attributes:
  • blur, expression, illumination, pose, invalid
  • occluded (both the annotation property & an attribute)

WIDER Face import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure above

• supported annotations: Rectangles (with attributes), Labels
• supported attributes:
  • blur, expression, illumination, occluded, pose, invalid

2.27.12 -

CamVid

CamVid export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── labelmap.txt # optional, required for non-CamVid labels
├── <any_subset_name>/
|   ├── image1.png
|   └── image2.png
├── <any_subset_name>annot/
|   ├── image1.png
|   └── image2.png
└── <any_subset_name>.txt

# labelmap.txt
# color (RGB) label
0 0 0 Void
64 128 64 Animal
192 0 128 Archway
0 128 192 Bicyclist
0 128 64 Bridge

Mask is a png image with 1 or 3 channels where each pixel has own color which corresponds to a label. (0, 0, 0) is used for background by default.

• supported annotations: Rectangles, Polygons

CamVid import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure above

• supported annotations: Polygons

2.27.13 -

VGGFace2

VGGFace2 export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── labels.txt # optional
├── <any_subset_name>/
|   ├── label0/
|   |   └── image1.jpg
|   └── label1/
|       └── image2.jpg
└── bb_landmark/
    ├── loose_bb_<any_subset_name>.csv
    └── loose_landmark_<any_subset_name>.csv
# labels.txt
# n000001 car
label0 <class0>
label1 <class1>

• supported annotations: Rectangles, Points (landmarks - groups of 5 points)

VGGFace2 import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure above

• supported annotations: Rectangles, Points (landmarks - groups of 5 points)

2.27.14 -

Market-1501

Market-1501 export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

taskname.zip/
├── bounding_box_<any_subset_name>/
│   └── image_name_1.jpg
└── query
    ├── image_name_2.jpg
    └── image_name_3.jpg
# if we keep only annotation:
taskname.zip/
└── images_<any_subset_name>.txt
# images_<any_subset_name>.txt
query/image_name_1.jpg
bounding_box_<any_subset_name>/image_name_2.jpg
bounding_box_<any_subset_name>/image_name_3.jpg
# image_name = 0001_c1s1_000015_00.jpg
0001 - person id
c1 - camera id (there are totally 6 cameras)
s1 - sequence
000015 - frame number in sequence
00 - means that this bounding box is the first one among the several

• supported annotations: Label market-1501 with attributes (query, person_id, camera_id)

Market-1501 import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure above

• supported annotations: Label market-1501 with attributes (query, person_id, camera_id)

2.27.15 -

ICDAR13/15

ICDAR13/15 export

Downloaded file: a zip archive of the following structure:

# word recognition task
taskname.zip/
└── word_recognition/
    └── <any_subset_name>/
        ├── images
        |   ├── word1.png
        |   └── word2.png
        └── gt.txt
# text localization task
taskname.zip/
└── text_localization/
    └── <any_subset_name>/
        ├── images
        |   ├── img_1.png
        |   └── img_2.png
        ├── gt_img_1.txt
        └── gt_img_1.txt
#text segmentation task
taskname.zip/
└── text_localization/
    └── <any_subset_name>/
        ├── images
        |   ├── 1.png
        |   └── 2.png
        ├── 1_GT.bmp
        ├── 1_GT.txt
        ├── 2_GT.bmp
        └── 2_GT.txt

Word recognition task:

• supported annotations: Label icdar with attribute caption

Text localization task:

• supported annotations: Rectangles and Polygons with label icdar and attribute text

Text segmentation task:

• supported annotations: Rectangles and Polygons with label icdar and attributes index, text, color, center

ICDAR13/15 import

Uploaded file: a zip archive of the structure above

Word recognition task:

• supported annotations: Label icdar with attribute caption

Text localization task:

• supported annotations: Rectangles and Polygons with label icdar and attribute text

Text segmentation task:

• supported annotations: Rectangles and Polygons with label icdar and attributes index, text, color, center

2.28 - Command line interface (CLI)

Description A simple command line interface for working with CVAT tasks. At the moment it implements a basic feature set but may serve as the starting point for a more comprehensive CVAT administration tool in the future.

Overview of functionality:

• Create a new task (supports name, bug tracker, project, labels JSON, local/share/remote files)
• Delete tasks (supports deleting a list of task IDs)
• List all tasks (supports basic CSV or JSON output)
• Download JPEG frames (supports a list of frame IDs)
• Dump annotations (supports all formats via format string)
• Upload annotations for a task in the specified format (e.g. ‘YOLO ZIP 1.0’)
• Export and download a whole task
• Import a task

Usage

usage: cli.py [-h] [--auth USER:[PASS]] [--server-host SERVER_HOST]
              [--server-port SERVER_PORT] [--debug]
              {create,delete,ls,frames,dump,upload,export,import} ...

Perform common operations related to CVAT tasks.

positional arguments:
  {create,delete,ls,frames,dump,upload,export,import}

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --auth USER:[PASS]    defaults to the current user and supports the PASS
                        environment variable or password prompt.
  --server-host SERVER_HOST
                        host (default: localhost)
  --server-port SERVER_PORT
                        port (default: 8080)
  --https
                        using https connection (default: False)
  --debug               show debug output

Examples

• Create a task cli.py create "new task" --labels labels.json local file1.jpg file2.jpg
• Delete some tasks cli.py delete 100 101 102
• List all tasks cli.py ls
• Dump annotations cli.py dump --format "CVAT for images 1.1" 103 output.xml

2.29 - Simple command line to prepare dataset manifest file

Steps before use

When used separately from Computer Vision Annotation Tool(CVAT), the required dependencies must be installed

Ubuntu:20.04

Install dependencies:

# General
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install -y \
    python3-dev python3-pip python3-venv pkg-config

# Library components
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
    libavformat-dev libavcodec-dev libavdevice-dev \
    libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libswresample-dev libavfilter-dev

Create an environment and install the necessary python modules:

python3 -m venv .env
. .env/bin/activate
pip install -U pip
pip install -r requirements.txt

Using

usage: python create.py [-h] [--force] [--output-dir .] source

positional arguments:
  source                Source paths

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --force               Use this flag to prepare the manifest file for video data if by default the video does not meet the requirements
                        and a manifest file is not prepared
  --output-dir OUTPUT_DIR
                        Directory where the manifest file will be saved

Alternative way to use with openvino/cvat_server

docker run -it --entrypoint python3 -v /path/to/host/data/:/path/inside/container/:rw openvino/cvat_server
utils/dataset_manifest/create.py --output-dir /path/to/manifest/directory/ /path/to/data/

Examples of using

Create a dataset manifest in the current directory with video which contains enough keyframes:

python create.py ~/Documents/video.mp4

Create a dataset manifest with video which does not contain enough keyframes:

python create.py --force --output-dir ~/Documents ~/Documents/video.mp4

Create a dataset manifest with images:

python create.py --output-dir ~/Documents ~/Documents/images/

Create a dataset manifest with pattern (may be used *, ?, []):

python create.py --output-dir ~/Documents "/home/${USER}/Documents/**/image*.jpeg"

Create a dataset manifest with openvino/cvat_server:

docker run -it --entrypoint python3 -v ~/Documents/data/:${HOME}/manifest/:rw openvino/cvat_server
utils/dataset_manifest/create.py --output-dir ~/manifest/ ~/manifest/images/

Examples of generated manifest.jsonl files

A maifest file contains some intuitive information and some specific like:

pts - time at which the frame should be shown to the user checksum - md5 hash sum for the specific image/frame

For a video

{"version":"1.0"}
{"type":"video"}
{"properties":{"name":"video.mp4","resolution":[1280,720],"length":778}}
{"number":0,"pts":0,"checksum":"17bb40d76887b56fe8213c6fded3d540"}
{"number":135,"pts":486000,"checksum":"9da9b4d42c1206d71bf17a7070a05847"}
{"number":270,"pts":972000,"checksum":"a1c3a61814f9b58b00a795fa18bb6d3e"}
{"number":405,"pts":1458000,"checksum":"18c0803b3cc1aa62ac75b112439d2b62"}
{"number":540,"pts":1944000,"checksum":"4551ecea0f80e95a6c32c32e70cac59e"}
{"number":675,"pts":2430000,"checksum":"0e72faf67e5218c70b506445ac91cdd7"}

For a dataset with images

{"version":"1.0"}
{"type":"images"}
{"name":"image1","extension":".jpg","width":720,"height":405,"checksum":"548918ec4b56132a5cff1d4acabe9947"}
{"name":"image2","extension":".jpg","width":183,"height":275,"checksum":"4b4eefd03cc6a45c1c068b98477fb639"}
{"name":"image3","extension":".jpg","width":301,"height":167,"checksum":"0e454a6f4a13d56c82890c98be063663"}

2.30 - Data preparation on the fly

Description

Data on the fly processing is a way of working with data, the main idea of which is as follows: when creating a task, the minimum necessary meta information is collected. This meta information allows in the future to create necessary chunks when receiving a request from a client.

Generated chunks are stored in a cache of the limited size with a policy of evicting less popular items.

When a request is received from a client, the required chunk is searched for in the cache. If the chunk does not exist yet, it is created using prepared meta information and then put into the cache.

This method of working with data allows:

• reduce the task creation time.
• store data in a cache of the limited size with a policy of evicting less popular items.

Unfortunately, this method will not work for all videos with a valid manifest file. If there are not enough keyframes in the video for smooth video decoding, the task will be created in another way. Namely, all chunks will be prepared during task creation, which may take some time.

Uploading a manifest with data

When creating a task, you can upload a manifest.jsonl file along with the video or dataset with images. You can see how to prepare it here.

2.31 - Serverless tutorial

Introduction

Computers have now become our partners. They help us to solve routine problems, fix mistakes, find information, etc. It is a natural idea to use their compute power to annotate datasets. There are multiple DL models for classification, object detection, semantic segmentation which can do data annotation for us. And it is relatively simple to integrate your own ML/DL solution into CVAT.

But the world is not perfect and we don’t have a silver bullet which can solve all our problems. Usually, available DL models are trained on public datasets which cannot cover all specific cases. Very often you want to detect objects which cannot be recognized by these models. Our annotation requirements can be so strict that automatically annotated objects cannot be accepted as is, and it is easier to annotate them from scratch. You always need to keep in mind all these mentioned limitations. Even if you have a DL solution which can perfectly annotate 50% of your data, it means that manual work will only be reduced in half.

When we know that DL models can help us to annotate data faster, the next question is how to use them? In CVAT all such DL models are implemented as serverless functions for the Nuclio serverless platform. And there are multiple implemented functions which can be found in the serverless directory such as Mask RCNN, Faster RCNN, SiamMask, Inside Outside Guidance, Deep Extreme Cut, etc. Follow the installation guide to build and deploy these serverless functions. See the user guide to understand how to use these functions in the UI to automatically annotate data.

What is a serverless function and why is it used for automatic annotation in CVAT? Let’s assume that you have a DL model and want to use it for AI-assisted annotation. The naive approach is to implement a Python script which uses the DL model to prepare a file with annotations in a public format like MS COCO or Pascal VOC. After that you can upload the annotation file into CVAT. It works but it is not user-friendly. How to make CVAT run the script for you?

You can pack the script with your DL model into a container which provides a standard interface for interacting with it. One way to do that is to use the function as a service approach. Your script becomes a function inside cloud infrastructure which can be called over HTTP. The Nuclio serverless platform helps us to implement and manage such functions.

CVAT supports Nuclio out of the box if it is built properly. See the installation guide for instructions. Thus if you deploy a serverless function, the CVAT server can see it and call it with appropriate arguments. Of course there are some tricks how to create serverless functions for CVAT and we will discuss them in next sections of the tutorial.

Using builtin DL models in practice

In the tutorial it is assumed that you already have the cloned CVAT GitHub repo. To build CVAT with serverless support you need to run docker-compose command with specific configuration files. In the case it is docker-compose.serverless.yml. It has necessary instructions how to build and deploy Nuclio platform as a docker container and enable corresponding support in CVAT.

$ docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.dev.yml -f components/serverless/docker-compose.serverless.yml up -d --build

$ docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.dev.yml -f components/serverless/docker-compose.serverless.yml ps
   Name                 Command                  State                            Ports
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cvat         /usr/bin/supervisord             Up             8080/tcp
cvat_db      docker-entrypoint.sh postgres    Up             5432/tcp
cvat_proxy   /docker-entrypoint.sh /bin ...   Up             0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp,:::8080->80/tcp
cvat_redis   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up             6379/tcp
cvat_ui      /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up             80/tcp
nuclio       /docker-entrypoint.sh sh - ...   Up (healthy)   80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8070->8070/tcp,:::8070->8070/tcp

Next step is to deploy builtin serverless functions using Nuclio command line tool (aka nuctl). It is assumed that you followed the installation guide and nuctl is already installed on your operating system. Run the following command to check that it works. In the beginning you should not have any deployed serverless functions.

$ nuctl get functions
No functions found

Let’s see on examples how to use DL models for annotation in different computer vision tasks.

Tracking using SiamMask

In this use case a user needs to annotate all individual objects on a video as tracks. Basically for every object we need to know its location on every frame.

First step is to deploy SiamMask. The deployment process can depend on your operating system. On Linux you can use serverless/deploy_cpu.sh auxiliary script, but below we are using nuctl directly.

$ nuctl create project cvat

nuctl deploy --project-name cvat --path "./serverless/pytorch/foolwood/siammask/nuclio" --platform local
21.05.07 13:00:22.233                     nuctl (I) Deploying function {"name": ""}
21.05.07 13:00:22.233                     nuctl (I) Building {"versionInfo": "Label: 1.5.16, Git commit: ae43a6a560c2bec42d7ccfdf6e8e11a1e3cc3774, OS: linux, Arch: amd64, Go version: go1.14.3", "name": ""}
21.05.07 13:00:22.652                     nuctl (I) Cleaning up before deployment {"functionName": "pth-foolwood-siammask"}
21.05.07 13:00:22.705                     nuctl (I) Staging files and preparing base images
21.05.07 13:00:22.706                     nuctl (I) Building processor image {"imageName": "cvat/pth.foolwood.siammask:latest"}
21.05.07 13:00:22.706     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/handler-builder-python-onbuild:1.5.16-amd64"}
21.05.07 13:00:26.351     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/uhttpc:0.0.1-amd64"}
21.05.07 13:00:29.819            nuctl.platform (I) Building docker image {"image": "cvat/pth.foolwood.siammask:latest"}
21.05.07 13:00:30.103            nuctl.platform (I) Pushing docker image into registry {"image": "cvat/pth.foolwood.siammask:latest", "registry": ""}
21.05.07 13:00:30.103            nuctl.platform (I) Docker image was successfully built and pushed into docker registry {"image": "cvat/pth.foolwood.siammask:latest"}
21.05.07 13:00:30.104                     nuctl (I) Build complete {"result": {"Image":"cvat/pth.foolwood.siammask:latest","UpdatedFunctionConfig":{"metadata":{"name":"pth-foolwood-siammask","namespace":"nuclio","labels":{"nuclio.io/project-name":"cvat"},"annotations":{"framework":"pytorch","name":"SiamMask","spec":"","type":"tracker"}},"spec":{"description":"Fast Online Object Tracking and Segmentation","handler":"main:handler","runtime":"python:3.6","env":[{"name":"PYTHONPATH","value":"/opt/nuclio/SiamMask:/opt/nuclio/SiamMask/experiments/siammask_sharp"}],"resources":{},"image":"cvat/pth.foolwood.siammask:latest","targetCPU":75,"triggers":{"myHttpTrigger":{"class":"","kind":"http","name":"myHttpTrigger","maxWorkers":2,"workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds":10000,"attributes":{"maxRequestBodySize":33554432}}},"build":{"image":"cvat/pth.foolwood.siammask","baseImage":"continuumio/miniconda3","directives":{"preCopy":[{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda create -y -n siammask python=3.6"},{"kind":"SHELL","value":"[\"conda\", \"run\", \"-n\", \"siammask\", \"/bin/bash\", \"-c\"]"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"git clone https://github.com/foolwood/SiamMask.git"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"pip install -r SiamMask/requirements.txt jsonpickle"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda install -y gcc_linux-64"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"cd SiamMask \u0026\u0026 bash make.sh \u0026\u0026 cd -"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"wget -P SiamMask/experiments/siammask_sharp http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~qwang/SiamMask_DAVIS.pth"},{"kind":"ENTRYPOINT","value":"[\"conda\", \"run\", \"-n\", \"siammask\"]"}]},"codeEntryType":"image"},"platform":{"attributes":{"mountMode":"volume","restartPolicy":{"maximumRetryCount":3,"name":"always"}}},"readinessTimeoutSeconds":60,"securityContext":{},"eventTimeout":"30s"}}}}
21.05.07 13:00:31.387            nuctl.platform (I) Waiting for function to be ready {"timeout": 60}
21.05.07 13:00:32.796                     nuctl (I) Function deploy complete {"functionName": "pth-foolwood-siammask", "httpPort": 49155}

$ nuctl get functions
  NAMESPACE |         NAME          | PROJECT | STATE | NODE PORT | REPLICAS
  nuclio    | pth-foolwood-siammask | cvat    | ready |     49155 | 1/1

Let’s see how it works in the UI. Go to the models tab and check that you can see SiamMask in the list. If you cannot, it means that there are some problems. Go to one of our public channels and ask for help.

After that, go to the new task page and create a task with this video file. You can choose any task name, any labels, and even another video file if you like. In this case, the Remote sources option was used to specify the video file. Press submit button at the end to finish the process.

Open the task and use AI tools to start tracking an object. Draw a bounding box around an object.

Finally you will get bounding boxes for 10 frames by default.

Object detection using YOLO-v3

First of all let’s deploy the DL model. The deployment process is similar for all serverless functions. Need to run nuctl deploy command with appropriate arguments. To simplify the process, you can use serverless/deploy_cpu.sh command. Inference of the serverless function is optimized for CPU using Intel OpenVINO framework.

$ serverless/deploy_cpu.sh serverless/openvino/omz/public/yolo-v3-tf/

Deploying serverless/openvino/omz/public/yolo-v3-tf function...
21.07.12 15:55:17.314                     nuctl (I) Deploying function {"name": ""}
21.07.12 15:55:17.314                     nuctl (I) Building {"versionInfo": "Label: 1.5.16, Git commit: ae43a6a560c2bec42d7ccfdf6e8e11a1e3cc3774, OS: linux, Arch: amd64, Go version: go1.14.3", "name": ""}
21.07.12 15:55:17.682                     nuctl (I) Cleaning up before deployment {"functionName": "openvino-omz-public-yolo-v3-tf"}
21.07.12 15:55:17.739                     nuctl (I) Staging files and preparing base images
21.07.12 15:55:17.743                     nuctl (I) Building processor image {"imageName": "cvat/openvino.omz.public.yolo-v3-tf:latest"}
21.07.12 15:55:17.743     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/handler-builder-python-onbuild:1.5.16-amd64"}
21.07.12 15:55:21.048     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/uhttpc:0.0.1-amd64"}
21.07.12 15:55:24.595            nuctl.platform (I) Building docker image {"image": "cvat/openvino.omz.public.yolo-v3-tf:latest"}
21.07.12 15:55:30.359            nuctl.platform (I) Pushing docker image into registry {"image": "cvat/openvino.omz.public.yolo-v3-tf:latest", "registry": ""}
21.07.12 15:55:30.359            nuctl.platform (I) Docker image was successfully built and pushed into docker registry {"image": "cvat/openvino.omz.public.yolo-v3-tf:latest"}
21.07.12 15:55:30.359                     nuctl (I) Build complete {"result": {"Image":"cvat/openvino.omz.public.yolo-v3-tf:latest","UpdatedFunctionConfig":{"metadata":{"name":"openvino-omz-public-yolo-v3-tf","namespace":"nuclio","labels":{"nuclio.io/project-name":"cvat"},"annotations":{"framework":"openvino","name":"YOLO v3","spec":"[\n  { \"id\": 0, \"name\": \"person\" },\n  { \"id\": 1, \"name\": \"bicycle\" },\n  { \"id\": 2, \"name\": \"car\" },\n  { \"id\": 3, \"name\": \"motorbike\" },\n  { \"id\": 4, \"name\": \"aeroplane\" },\n  { \"id\": 5, \"name\": \"bus\" },\n  { \"id\": 6, \"name\": \"train\" },\n  { \"id\": 7, \"name\": \"truck\" },\n  { \"id\": 8, \"name\": \"boat\" },\n  { \"id\": 9, \"name\": \"traffic light\" },\n  { \"id\": 10, \"name\": \"fire hydrant\" },\n  { \"id\": 11, \"name\": \"stop sign\" },\n  { \"id\": 12, \"name\": \"parking meter\" },\n  { \"id\": 13, \"name\": \"bench\" },\n  { \"id\": 14, \"name\": \"bird\" },\n  { \"id\": 15, \"name\": \"cat\" },\n  { \"id\": 16, \"name\": \"dog\" },\n  { \"id\": 17, \"name\": \"horse\" },\n  { \"id\": 18, \"name\": \"sheep\" },\n  { \"id\": 19, \"name\": \"cow\" },\n  { \"id\": 20, \"name\": \"elephant\" },\n  { \"id\": 21, \"name\": \"bear\" },\n  { \"id\": 22, \"name\": \"zebra\" },\n  { \"id\": 23, \"name\": \"giraffe\" },\n  { \"id\": 24, \"name\": \"backpack\" },\n  { \"id\": 25, \"name\": \"umbrella\" },\n  { \"id\": 26, \"name\": \"handbag\" },\n  { \"id\": 27, \"name\": \"tie\" },\n  { \"id\": 28, \"name\": \"suitcase\" },\n  { \"id\": 29, \"name\": \"frisbee\" },\n  { \"id\": 30, \"name\": \"skis\" },\n  { \"id\": 31, \"name\": \"snowboard\" },\n  { \"id\": 32, \"name\": \"sports ball\" },\n  { \"id\": 33, \"name\": \"kite\" },\n  { \"id\": 34, \"name\": \"baseball bat\" },\n  { \"id\": 35, \"name\": \"baseball glove\" },\n  { \"id\": 36, \"name\": \"skateboard\" },\n  { \"id\": 37, \"name\": \"surfboard\" },\n  { \"id\": 38, \"name\": \"tennis racket\" },\n  { \"id\": 39, \"name\": \"bottle\" },\n  { \"id\": 40, \"name\": \"wine glass\" },\n  { \"id\": 41, \"name\": \"cup\" },\n  { \"id\": 42, \"name\": \"fork\" },\n  { \"id\": 43, \"name\": \"knife\" },\n  { \"id\": 44, \"name\": \"spoon\" },\n  { \"id\": 45, \"name\": \"bowl\" },\n  { \"id\": 46, \"name\": \"banana\" },\n  { \"id\": 47, \"name\": \"apple\" },\n  { \"id\": 48, \"name\": \"sandwich\" },\n  { \"id\": 49, \"name\": \"orange\" },\n  { \"id\": 50, \"name\": \"broccoli\" },\n  { \"id\": 51, \"name\": \"carrot\" },\n  { \"id\": 52, \"name\": \"hot dog\" },\n  { \"id\": 53, \"name\": \"pizza\" },\n  { \"id\": 54, \"name\": \"donut\" },\n  { \"id\": 55, \"name\": \"cake\" },\n  { \"id\": 56, \"name\": \"chair\" },\n  { \"id\": 57, \"name\": \"sofa\" },\n  { \"id\": 58, \"name\": \"pottedplant\" },\n  { \"id\": 59, \"name\": \"bed\" },\n  { \"id\": 60, \"name\": \"diningtable\" },\n  { \"id\": 61, \"name\": \"toilet\" },\n  { \"id\": 62, \"name\": \"tvmonitor\" },\n  { \"id\": 63, \"name\": \"laptop\" },\n  { \"id\": 64, \"name\": \"mouse\" },\n  { \"id\": 65, \"name\": \"remote\" },\n  { \"id\": 66, \"name\": \"keyboard\" },\n  { \"id\": 67, \"name\": \"cell phone\" },\n  { \"id\": 68, \"name\": \"microwave\" },\n  { \"id\": 69, \"name\": \"oven\" },\n  { \"id\": 70, \"name\": \"toaster\" },\n  { \"id\": 71, \"name\": \"sink\" },\n  { \"id\": 72, \"name\": \"refrigerator\" },\n  { \"id\": 73, \"name\": \"book\" },\n  { \"id\": 74, \"name\": \"clock\" },\n  { \"id\": 75, \"name\": \"vase\" },\n  { \"id\": 76, \"name\": \"scissors\" },\n  { \"id\": 77, \"name\": \"teddy bear\" },\n  { \"id\": 78, \"name\": \"hair drier\" },\n  { \"id\": 79, \"name\": \"toothbrush\" }\n]\n","type":"detector"}},"spec":{"description":"YOLO v3 via Intel OpenVINO","handler":"main:handler","runtime":"python:3.6","env":[{"name":"NUCLIO_PYTHON_EXE_PATH","value":"/opt/nuclio/common/openvino/python3"}],"resources":{},"image":"cvat/openvino.omz.public.yolo-v3-tf:latest","targetCPU":75,"triggers":{"myHttpTrigger":{"class":"","kind":"http","name":"myHttpTrigger","maxWorkers":2,"workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds":10000,"attributes":{"maxRequestBodySize":33554432}}},"volumes":[{"volume":{"name":"volume-1","hostPath":{"path":"/home/nmanovic/Workspace/cvat/serverless/common"}},"volumeMount":{"name":"volume-1","mountPath":"/opt/nuclio/common"}}],"build":{"image":"cvat/openvino.omz.public.yolo-v3-tf","baseImage":"openvino/ubuntu18_dev:2020.2","directives":{"preCopy":[{"kind":"USER","value":"root"},{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"/opt/intel/openvino/deployment_tools/open_model_zoo/tools/downloader/downloader.py --name yolo-v3-tf -o /opt/nuclio/open_model_zoo"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"/opt/intel/openvino/deployment_tools/open_model_zoo/tools/downloader/converter.py --name yolo-v3-tf --precisions FP32 -d /opt/nuclio/open_model_zoo -o /opt/nuclio/open_model_zoo"}]},"codeEntryType":"image"},"platform":{"attributes":{"mountMode":"volume","restartPolicy":{"maximumRetryCount":3,"name":"always"}}},"readinessTimeoutSeconds":60,"securityContext":{},"eventTimeout":"30s"}}}}
21.07.12 15:55:31.496            nuctl.platform (I) Waiting for function to be ready {"timeout": 60}
21.07.12 15:55:32.894                     nuctl (I) Function deploy complete {"functionName": "openvino-omz-public-yolo-v3-tf", "httpPort": 49156}

Again, go to models tab and check that you can see YOLO v3 in the list. If you cannot by a reason it means that there are some problems. Go to one of our public channels and ask for help.

Let us reuse the task which you created for testing SiamMask serverless function above. Choose the magic wand tool, go to the Detectors tab, and select YOLO v3 model. Press Annotate button and after a couple of seconds you should see detection results. Do not forget to save annotations.

Also it is possible to run a detector for the whole annotation task. Thus CVAT will run the serverless function on every frame of the task and submit results directly into database. For more details please read the guide.

Objects segmentation using Mask-RCNN

If you have a detector, which returns polygons, you can segment objects. One of such detectors is Mask-RCNN. There are several implementations of the detector available out of the box:

• serverless/openvino/omz/public/mask_rcnn_inception_resnet_v2_atrous_coco is optimized using Intel OpenVINO framework and works well if it is run on an Intel CPU.
• serverless/tensorflow/matterport/mask_rcnn/ is optimized for GPU.

The deployment process for a serverless function optimized for GPU is similar. Just need to run serverless/deploy_gpu.sh script. It runs mostly the same commands but utilize function-gpu.yaml configuration file instead of function.yaml internally. See next sections if you want to understand the difference.

Note: Please do not run several GPU functions at the same time. In many cases it will not work out of the box. For now you should manually schedule different functions on different GPUs and it requires source code modification. Nuclio autoscaler does not support the local platform (docker).

$ serverless/deploy_gpu.sh serverless/tensorflow/matterport/mask_rcnn

Deploying serverless/tensorflow/matterport/mask_rcnn function...
21.07.12 16:48:48.995                     nuctl (I) Deploying function {"name": ""}
21.07.12 16:48:48.995                     nuctl (I) Building {"versionInfo": "Label: 1.5.16, Git commit: ae43a6a560c2bec42d7ccfdf6e8e11a1e3cc3774, OS: linux, Arch: amd64, Go version: go1.14.3", "name": ""}
21.07.12 16:48:49.356                     nuctl (I) Cleaning up before deployment {"functionName": "tf-matterport-mask-rcnn"}
21.07.12 16:48:49.470                     nuctl (I) Function already exists, deleting function containers {"functionName": "tf-matterport-mask-rcnn"}
21.07.12 16:48:50.247                     nuctl (I) Staging files and preparing base images
21.07.12 16:48:50.248                     nuctl (I) Building processor image {"imageName": "cvat/tf.matterport.mask_rcnn:latest"}
21.07.12 16:48:50.249     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/handler-builder-python-onbuild:1.5.16-amd64"}
21.07.12 16:48:53.674     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/uhttpc:0.0.1-amd64"}
21.07.12 16:48:57.424            nuctl.platform (I) Building docker image {"image": "cvat/tf.matterport.mask_rcnn:latest"}
21.07.12 16:48:57.763            nuctl.platform (I) Pushing docker image into registry {"image": "cvat/tf.matterport.mask_rcnn:latest", "registry": ""}
21.07.12 16:48:57.764            nuctl.platform (I) Docker image was successfully built and pushed into docker registry {"image": "cvat/tf.matterport.mask_rcnn:latest"}
21.07.12 16:48:57.764                     nuctl (I) Build complete {"result": {"Image":"cvat/tf.matterport.mask_rcnn:latest","UpdatedFunctionConfig":{"metadata":{"name":"tf-matterport-mask-rcnn","namespace":"nuclio","labels":{"nuclio.io/project-name":"cvat"},"annotations":{"framework":"tensorflow","name":"Mask RCNN via Tensorflow","spec":"[\n  { \"id\": 0, \"name\": \"BG\" },\n  { \"id\": 1, \"name\": \"person\" },\n  { \"id\": 2, \"name\": \"bicycle\" },\n  { \"id\": 3, \"name\": \"car\" },\n  { \"id\": 4, \"name\": \"motorcycle\" },\n  { \"id\": 5, \"name\": \"airplane\" },\n  { \"id\": 6, \"name\": \"bus\" },\n  { \"id\": 7, \"name\": \"train\" },\n  { \"id\": 8, \"name\": \"truck\" },\n  { \"id\": 9, \"name\": \"boat\" },\n  { \"id\": 10, \"name\": \"traffic_light\" },\n  { \"id\": 11, \"name\": \"fire_hydrant\" },\n  { \"id\": 12, \"name\": \"stop_sign\" },\n  { \"id\": 13, \"name\": \"parking_meter\" },\n  { \"id\": 14, \"name\": \"bench\" },\n  { \"id\": 15, \"name\": \"bird\" },\n  { \"id\": 16, \"name\": \"cat\" },\n  { \"id\": 17, \"name\": \"dog\" },\n  { \"id\": 18, \"name\": \"horse\" },\n  { \"id\": 19, \"name\": \"sheep\" },\n  { \"id\": 20, \"name\": \"cow\" },\n  { \"id\": 21, \"name\": \"elephant\" },\n  { \"id\": 22, \"name\": \"bear\" },\n  { \"id\": 23, \"name\": \"zebra\" },\n  { \"id\": 24, \"name\": \"giraffe\" },\n  { \"id\": 25, \"name\": \"backpack\" },\n  { \"id\": 26, \"name\": \"umbrella\" },\n  { \"id\": 27, \"name\": \"handbag\" },\n  { \"id\": 28, \"name\": \"tie\" },\n  { \"id\": 29, \"name\": \"suitcase\" },\n  { \"id\": 30, \"name\": \"frisbee\" },\n  { \"id\": 31, \"name\": \"skis\" },\n  { \"id\": 32, \"name\": \"snowboard\" },\n  { \"id\": 33, \"name\": \"sports_ball\" },\n  { \"id\": 34, \"name\": \"kite\" },\n  { \"id\": 35, \"name\": \"baseball_bat\" },\n  { \"id\": 36, \"name\": \"baseball_glove\" },\n  { \"id\": 37, \"name\": \"skateboard\" },\n  { \"id\": 38, \"name\": \"surfboard\" },\n  { \"id\": 39, \"name\": \"tennis_racket\" },\n  { \"id\": 40, \"name\": \"bottle\" },\n  { \"id\": 41, \"name\": \"wine_glass\" },\n  { \"id\": 42, \"name\": \"cup\" },\n  { \"id\": 43, \"name\": \"fork\" },\n  { \"id\": 44, \"name\": \"knife\" },\n  { \"id\": 45, \"name\": \"spoon\" },\n  { \"id\": 46, \"name\": \"bowl\" },\n  { \"id\": 47, \"name\": \"banana\" },\n  { \"id\": 48, \"name\": \"apple\" },\n  { \"id\": 49, \"name\": \"sandwich\" },\n  { \"id\": 50, \"name\": \"orange\" },\n  { \"id\": 51, \"name\": \"broccoli\" },\n  { \"id\": 52, \"name\": \"carrot\" },\n  { \"id\": 53, \"name\": \"hot_dog\" },\n  { \"id\": 54, \"name\": \"pizza\" },\n  { \"id\": 55, \"name\": \"donut\" },\n  { \"id\": 56, \"name\": \"cake\" },\n  { \"id\": 57, \"name\": \"chair\" },\n  { \"id\": 58, \"name\": \"couch\" },\n  { \"id\": 59, \"name\": \"potted_plant\" },\n  { \"id\": 60, \"name\": \"bed\" },\n  { \"id\": 61, \"name\": \"dining_table\" },\n  { \"id\": 62, \"name\": \"toilet\" },\n  { \"id\": 63, \"name\": \"tv\" },\n  { \"id\": 64, \"name\": \"laptop\" },\n  { \"id\": 65, \"name\": \"mouse\" },\n  { \"id\": 66, \"name\": \"remote\" },\n  { \"id\": 67, \"name\": \"keyboard\" },\n  { \"id\": 68, \"name\": \"cell_phone\" },\n  { \"id\": 69, \"name\": \"microwave\" },\n  { \"id\": 70, \"name\": \"oven\" },\n  { \"id\": 71, \"name\": \"toaster\" },\n  { \"id\": 72, \"name\": \"sink\" },\n  { \"id\": 73, \"name\": \"refrigerator\" },\n  { \"id\": 74, \"name\": \"book\" },\n  { \"id\": 75, \"name\": \"clock\" },\n  { \"id\": 76, \"name\": \"vase\" },\n  { \"id\": 77, \"name\": \"scissors\" },\n  { \"id\": 78, \"name\": \"teddy_bear\" },\n  { \"id\": 79, \"name\": \"hair_drier\" },\n  { \"id\": 80, \"name\": \"toothbrush\" }\n]\n","type":"detector"}},"spec":{"description":"Mask RCNN optimized for GPU","handler":"main:handler","runtime":"python:3.6","env":[{"name":"MASK_RCNN_DIR","value":"/opt/nuclio/Mask_RCNN"}],"resources":{"limits":{"nvidia.com/gpu":"1"}},"image":"cvat/tf.matterport.mask_rcnn:latest","targetCPU":75,"triggers":{"myHttpTrigger":{"class":"","kind":"http","name":"myHttpTrigger","maxWorkers":1,"workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds":10000,"attributes":{"maxRequestBodySize":33554432}}},"volumes":[{"volume":{"name":"volume-1","hostPath":{"path":"/home/nmanovic/Workspace/cvat/serverless/common"}},"volumeMount":{"name":"volume-1","mountPath":"/opt/nuclio/common"}}],"build":{"functionConfigPath":"serverless/tensorflow/matterport/mask_rcnn/nuclio/function-gpu.yaml","image":"cvat/tf.matterport.mask_rcnn","baseImage":"tensorflow/tensorflow:1.15.5-gpu-py3","directives":{"postCopy":[{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"apt update \u0026\u0026 apt install --no-install-recommends -y git curl"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/matterport/Mask_RCNN.git"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"curl -L https://github.com/matterport/Mask_RCNN/releases/download/v2.0/mask_rcnn_coco.h5 -o Mask_RCNN/mask_rcnn_coco.h5"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"pip3 install numpy cython pyyaml keras==2.1.0 scikit-image Pillow"}]},"codeEntryType":"image"},"platform":{"attributes":{"mountMode":"volume","restartPolicy":{"maximumRetryCount":3,"name":"always"}}},"readinessTimeoutSeconds":60,"securityContext":{},"eventTimeout":"30s"}}}}
21.07.12 16:48:59.071            nuctl.platform (I) Waiting for function to be ready {"timeout": 60}
21.07.12 16:49:00.437                     nuctl (I) Function deploy complete {"functionName": "tf-matterport-mask-rcnn", "httpPort": 49155}

Now you should be able to annotate objects using segmentation masks.

Adding your own DL models

Choose a DL model

For the tutorial I will choose a popular AI library with a lot of models inside. In your case it can be your own model. If it is based on detectron2 it will be easy to integrate. Just follow the tutorial.

Detectron2 is Facebook AI Research’s next generation library that provides state-of-the-art detection and segmentation algorithms. It is the successor of Detectron and maskrcnn-benchmark. It supports a number of computer vision research projects and production applications in Facebook.

Clone the repository somewhere. I assume that all other experiments will be run from the cloned detectron2 directory.

$ git clone https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2
$ cd detectron2

Run local experiments

Let’s run a detection model locally. First of all need to install requirements for the library.

In my case I have Ubuntu 20.04 with python 3.8.5. I installed PyTorch 1.8.1 for Linux with pip, python, and CPU inside a virtual environment. Follow opencv-python installation guide to get the library for demo and visualization.

$ python3 -m venv .detectron2
$ . .detectron2/bin/activate
$ pip install torch==1.8.1+cpu torchvision==0.9.1+cpu torchaudio==0.8.1 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
$ pip install opencv-python

Install the detectron2 library from your local clone (you should be inside detectron2 directory).

$ python -m pip install -e .

After the library from Facebook AI Research is installed, we can run a couple of experiments. See the official tutorial for more examples. I decided to experiment with RetinaNet. First step is to download model weights.

$ curl -O https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/detectron2/COCO-Detection/retinanet_R_101_FPN_3x/190397697/model_final_971ab9.pkl

To run experiments let’s download an image with cats from wikipedia.

$ curl -O https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cat_poster_1.jpg/1920px-Cat_poster_1.jpg

Finally let’s run the DL model inference on CPU. If all is fine, you will see a window with cats and bounding boxes around them with scores.

$ python demo/demo.py --config-file configs/COCO-Detection/retinanet_R_101_FPN_3x.yaml \
    --input 1920px-Cat_poster_1.jpg --opts MODEL.WEIGHTS model_final_971ab9.pkl MODEL.DEVICE cpu

Next step is to minimize demo/demo.py script and keep code which is necessary to load, run, and interpret output of the model only. Let’s hard code parameters and remove argparse. Keep only code which is responsible for working with an image. There is no common advice how to minimize some code.

Finally you should get something like the code below which has fixed config, read a predefined image, initialize predictor, and run inference. As the final step it prints all detected bounding boxes with scores and labels.

from detectron2.config import get_cfg
from detectron2.data.detection_utils import read_image
from detectron2.engine.defaults import DefaultPredictor
from detectron2.data.datasets.builtin_meta import COCO_CATEGORIES

CONFIG_FILE = "configs/COCO-Detection/retinanet_R_101_FPN_3x.yaml"
CONFIG_OPTS = ["MODEL.WEIGHTS", "model_final_971ab9.pkl", "MODEL.DEVICE", "cpu"]
CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD = 0.5

def setup_cfg():
    cfg = get_cfg()
    cfg.merge_from_file(CONFIG_FILE)
    cfg.merge_from_list(CONFIG_OPTS)
    cfg.MODEL.RETINANET.SCORE_THRESH_TEST = CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
    cfg.MODEL.ROI_HEADS.SCORE_THRESH_TEST = CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
    cfg.MODEL.PANOPTIC_FPN.COMBINE.INSTANCES_CONFIDENCE_THRESH = CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
    cfg.freeze()
    return cfg


if __name__ == "__main__":
    cfg = setup_cfg()
    input = "1920px-Cat_poster_1.jpg"
    img = read_image(input, format="BGR")
    predictor = DefaultPredictor(cfg)
    predictions = predictor(img)
    instances = predictions['instances']
    pred_boxes = instances.pred_boxes
    scores = instances.scores
    pred_classes = instances.pred_classes
    for box, score, label in zip(pred_boxes, scores, pred_classes):
        label = COCO_CATEGORIES[int(label)]["name"]
        print(box.tolist(), float(score), label)

DL model as a serverless function

When we know how to run the DL model locally, we can prepare a serverless function which can be used by CVAT to annotate data. Let’s see how function.yaml will look like…

Let’s look at faster_rcnn_inception_v2_coco serverless function configuration as an example and try adapting it to our case. First of all let’s invent an unique name for the new function: pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101. Section annotations describes our function for CVAT serverless subsystem:

• annotations.name is a display name
• annotations.type is a type of the serverless function. It can have several different values. Basically it affects input and output of the function. In our case it has detector type and it means that the integrated DL model can generate shapes with labels for an image.
• annotations.framework is used for information only and can have arbitrary value. Usually it has values like OpenVINO, PyTorch, TensorFlow, etc.
• annotations.spec describes the list of labels which the model supports. In the case the DL model was trained on MS COCO dataset and the list of labels correspond to the dataset.
• spec.description is used to provide basic information for the model.

All other parameters are described in Nuclio documentation.

• spec.handler is the entry point to your function.
• spec.runtime is the name of the language runtime.
• spec.eventTimeout is the global event timeout

Next step is to describe how to build our serverless function:

• spec.build.image is the name of your docker image
• spec.build.baseImage is the name of a base container image from which to build the function
• spec.build.directives are commands to build your docker image

In our case we start from Ubuntu 20.04 base image, install curl to download weights for our model, git to clone detectron2 project from GitHub, and python together with pip. Repeat installation steps which we used to setup the DL model locally with minor modifications.

For Nuclio platform we have to specify a couple of more parameters:

• spec.triggers.myHttpTrigger describes HTTP trigger to handle incoming HTTP requests.
• spec.platform describes some important parameters to run your functions like restartPolicy and mountMode. Read Nuclio documentation for more details.

metadata:
  name: pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101
  namespace: cvat
  annotations:
    name: RetinaNet R101
    type: detector
    framework: pytorch
    spec: |
      [
        { "id": 1, "name": "person" },
        { "id": 2, "name": "bicycle" },

        ...

        { "id":89, "name": "hair_drier" },
        { "id":90, "name": "toothbrush" }
      ]      

spec:
  description: RetinaNet R101 from Detectron2
  runtime: 'python:3.8'
  handler: main:handler
  eventTimeout: 30s

  build:
    image: cvat/pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101
    baseImage: ubuntu:20.04

    directives:
      preCopy:
        - kind: ENV
          value: DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
        - kind: RUN
          value: apt-get update && apt-get -y install curl git python3 python3-pip
        - kind: WORKDIR
          value: /opt/nuclio
        - kind: RUN
          value: pip3 install torch==1.8.1+cpu torchvision==0.9.1+cpu torchaudio==0.8.1 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
        - kind: RUN
          value: pip3 install 'git+https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2@v0.4'
        - kind: RUN
          value: curl -O https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/detectron2/COCO-Detection/retinanet_R_101_FPN_3x/190397697/model_final_971ab9.pkl
        - kind: RUN
          value: ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip

  triggers:
    myHttpTrigger:
      maxWorkers: 2
      kind: 'http'
      workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds: 10000
      attributes:
        maxRequestBodySize: 33554432 # 32MB

  platform:
    attributes:
      restartPolicy:
        name: always
        maximumRetryCount: 3
      mountMode: volume

Full code can be found here: detectron2/retinanet/nuclio/function.yaml

Next step is to adapt our source code which we implemented to run the DL model locally to requirements of Nuclio platform. First step is to load the model into memory using init_context(context) function. Read more about the function in Best Practices and Common Pitfalls.

After that we need to accept incoming HTTP requests, run inference, reply with detection results. For the process our entry point is resposible which we specified in our function specification handler(context, event). Again in accordance to function specification the entry point should be located inside main.py.

def init_context(context):
    context.logger.info("Init context...  0%")

    cfg = get_config('COCO-Detection/retinanet_R_101_FPN_3x.yaml')
    cfg.merge_from_list(CONFIG_OPTS)
    cfg.MODEL.RETINANET.SCORE_THRESH_TEST = CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
    cfg.MODEL.ROI_HEADS.SCORE_THRESH_TEST = CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
    cfg.MODEL.PANOPTIC_FPN.COMBINE.INSTANCES_CONFIDENCE_THRESH = CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
    cfg.freeze()
    predictor = DefaultPredictor(cfg)

    context.user_data.model_handler = predictor

    context.logger.info("Init context...100%")

def handler(context, event):
    context.logger.info("Run retinanet-R101 model")
    data = event.body
    buf = io.BytesIO(base64.b64decode(data["image"]))
    threshold = float(data.get("threshold", 0.5))
    image = convert_PIL_to_numpy(Image.open(buf), format="BGR")

    predictions = context.user_data.model_handler(image)

    instances = predictions['instances']
    pred_boxes = instances.pred_boxes
    scores = instances.scores
    pred_classes = instances.pred_classes
    results = []
    for box, score, label in zip(pred_boxes, scores, pred_classes):
        label = COCO_CATEGORIES[int(label)]["name"]
        if score >= threshold:
            results.append({
                "confidence": str(float(score)),
                "label": label,
                "points": box.tolist(),
                "type": "rectangle",
            })

    return context.Response(body=json.dumps(results), headers={},
        content_type='application/json', status_code=200)

Full code can be found here: detectron2/retinanet/nuclio/main.py

Deploy RetinaNet serverless function

To use the new serverless function you have to deploy it using nuctl command. The actual deployment process is described in automatic annotation guide.

$ ./serverless/deploy_cpu.sh ./serverless/pytorch/facebookresearch/detectron2/retinanet/

21.07.21 15:20:31.011                     nuctl (I) Deploying function {"name": ""}
21.07.21 15:20:31.011                     nuctl (I) Building {"versionInfo": "Label: 1.5.16, Git commit: ae43a6a560c2bec42d7ccfdf6e8e11a1e3cc3774, OS: linux, Arch: amd64, Go version: go1.14.3", "name": ""}
21.07.21 15:20:31.407                     nuctl (I) Cleaning up before deployment {"functionName": "pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101"}
21.07.21 15:20:31.497                     nuctl (I) Function already exists, deleting function containers {"functionName": "pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101"}
21.07.21 15:20:31.914                     nuctl (I) Staging files and preparing base images
21.07.21 15:20:31.915                     nuctl (I) Building processor image {"imageName": "cvat/pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101:latest"}
21.07.21 15:20:31.916     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/handler-builder-python-onbuild:1.5.16-amd64"}
21.07.21 15:20:34.495     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/uhttpc:0.0.1-amd64"}
21.07.21 15:20:37.524            nuctl.platform (I) Building docker image {"image": "cvat/pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101:latest"}
21.07.21 15:20:37.852            nuctl.platform (I) Pushing docker image into registry {"image": "cvat/pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101:latest", "registry": ""}
21.07.21 15:20:37.853            nuctl.platform (I) Docker image was successfully built and pushed into docker registry {"image": "cvat/pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101:latest"}
21.07.21 15:20:37.853                     nuctl (I) Build complete {"result": {"Image":"cvat/pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101:latest","UpdatedFunctionConfig":{"metadata":{"name":"pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101","namespace":"nuclio","labels":{"nuclio.io/project-name":"cvat"},"annotations":{"framework":"pytorch","name":"RetinaNet R101","spec":"[\n  { \"id\": 1, \"name\": \"person\" },\n  { \"id\": 2, \"name\": \"bicycle\" },\n  { \"id\": 3, \"name\": \"car\" },\n  { \"id\": 4, \"name\": \"motorcycle\" },\n  { \"id\": 5, \"name\": \"airplane\" },\n  { \"id\": 6, \"name\": \"bus\" },\n  { \"id\": 7, \"name\": \"train\" },\n  { \"id\": 8, \"name\": \"truck\" },\n  { \"id\": 9, \"name\": \"boat\" },\n  { \"id\":10, \"name\": \"traffic_light\" },\n  { \"id\":11, \"name\": \"fire_hydrant\" },\n  { \"id\":13, \"name\": \"stop_sign\" },\n  { \"id\":14, \"name\": \"parking_meter\" },\n  { \"id\":15, \"name\": \"bench\" },\n  { \"id\":16, \"name\": \"bird\" },\n  { \"id\":17, \"name\": \"cat\" },\n  { \"id\":18, \"name\": \"dog\" },\n  { \"id\":19, \"name\": \"horse\" },\n  { \"id\":20, \"name\": \"sheep\" },\n  { \"id\":21, \"name\": \"cow\" },\n  { \"id\":22, \"name\": \"elephant\" },\n  { \"id\":23, \"name\": \"bear\" },\n  { \"id\":24, \"name\": \"zebra\" },\n  { \"id\":25, \"name\": \"giraffe\" },\n  { \"id\":27, \"name\": \"backpack\" },\n  { \"id\":28, \"name\": \"umbrella\" },\n  { \"id\":31, \"name\": \"handbag\" },\n  { \"id\":32, \"name\": \"tie\" },\n  { \"id\":33, \"name\": \"suitcase\" },\n  { \"id\":34, \"name\": \"frisbee\" },\n  { \"id\":35, \"name\": \"skis\" },\n  { \"id\":36, \"name\": \"snowboard\" },\n  { \"id\":37, \"name\": \"sports_ball\" },\n  { \"id\":38, \"name\": \"kite\" },\n  { \"id\":39, \"name\": \"baseball_bat\" },\n  { \"id\":40, \"name\": \"baseball_glove\" },\n  { \"id\":41, \"name\": \"skateboard\" },\n  { \"id\":42, \"name\": \"surfboard\" },\n  { \"id\":43, \"name\": \"tennis_racket\" },\n  { \"id\":44, \"name\": \"bottle\" },\n  { \"id\":46, \"name\": \"wine_glass\" },\n  { \"id\":47, \"name\": \"cup\" },\n  { \"id\":48, \"name\": \"fork\" },\n  { \"id\":49, \"name\": \"knife\" },\n  { \"id\":50, \"name\": \"spoon\" },\n  { \"id\":51, \"name\": \"bowl\" },\n  { \"id\":52, \"name\": \"banana\" },\n  { \"id\":53, \"name\": \"apple\" },\n  { \"id\":54, \"name\": \"sandwich\" },\n  { \"id\":55, \"name\": \"orange\" },\n  { \"id\":56, \"name\": \"broccoli\" },\n  { \"id\":57, \"name\": \"carrot\" },\n  { \"id\":58, \"name\": \"hot_dog\" },\n  { \"id\":59, \"name\": \"pizza\" },\n  { \"id\":60, \"name\": \"donut\" },\n  { \"id\":61, \"name\": \"cake\" },\n  { \"id\":62, \"name\": \"chair\" },\n  { \"id\":63, \"name\": \"couch\" },\n  { \"id\":64, \"name\": \"potted_plant\" },\n  { \"id\":65, \"name\": \"bed\" },\n  { \"id\":67, \"name\": \"dining_table\" },\n  { \"id\":70, \"name\": \"toilet\" },\n  { \"id\":72, \"name\": \"tv\" },\n  { \"id\":73, \"name\": \"laptop\" },\n  { \"id\":74, \"name\": \"mouse\" },\n  { \"id\":75, \"name\": \"remote\" },\n  { \"id\":76, \"name\": \"keyboard\" },\n  { \"id\":77, \"name\": \"cell_phone\" },\n  { \"id\":78, \"name\": \"microwave\" },\n  { \"id\":79, \"name\": \"oven\" },\n  { \"id\":80, \"name\": \"toaster\" },\n  { \"id\":81, \"name\": \"sink\" },\n  { \"id\":83, \"name\": \"refrigerator\" },\n  { \"id\":84, \"name\": \"book\" },\n  { \"id\":85, \"name\": \"clock\" },\n  { \"id\":86, \"name\": \"vase\" },\n  { \"id\":87, \"name\": \"scissors\" },\n  { \"id\":88, \"name\": \"teddy_bear\" },\n  { \"id\":89, \"name\": \"hair_drier\" },\n  { \"id\":90, \"name\": \"toothbrush\" }\n]\n","type":"detector"}},"spec":{"description":"RetinaNet R101 from Detectron2","handler":"main:handler","runtime":"python:3.8","resources":{},"image":"cvat/pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101:latest","targetCPU":75,"triggers":{"myHttpTrigger":{"class":"","kind":"http","name":"myHttpTrigger","maxWorkers":2,"workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds":10000,"attributes":{"maxRequestBodySize":33554432}}},"volumes":[{"volume":{"name":"volume-1","hostPath":{"path":"/home/nmanovic/Workspace/cvat/serverless/common"}},"volumeMount":{"name":"volume-1","mountPath":"/opt/nuclio/common"}}],"build":{"image":"cvat/pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101","baseImage":"ubuntu:20.04","directives":{"preCopy":[{"kind":"ENV","value":"DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"apt-get update \u0026\u0026 apt-get -y install curl git python3 python3-pip"},{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"pip3 install torch==1.8.1+cpu torchvision==0.9.1+cpu torchaudio==0.8.1 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"pip3 install 'git+https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2@v0.4'"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"curl -O https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/detectron2/COCO-Detection/retinanet_R_101_FPN_3x/190397697/model_final_971ab9.pkl"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip"}]},"codeEntryType":"image"},"platform":{"attributes":{"mountMode":"volume","restartPolicy":{"maximumRetryCount":3,"name":"always"}}},"readinessTimeoutSeconds":60,"securityContext":{},"eventTimeout":"30s"}}}}
21.07.21 15:20:39.042            nuctl.platform (I) Waiting for function to be ready {"timeout": 60}
21.07.21 15:20:40.480                     nuctl (I) Function deploy complete {"functionName": "pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101", "httpPort": 49153}

Advanced capabilities

Optimize using GPU

To optimize a function for a specific device (e.g. GPU), basically you just need to modify instructions above to run the function on the target device. In most cases it will be necessary to modify installation instructions only.

For RetinaNet R101 which was added above modifications will look like:

--- function.yaml	2021-06-25 21:06:51.603281723 +0300
+++ function-gpu.yaml	2021-07-07 22:38:53.454202637 +0300
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
       ]

 spec:
-  description: RetinaNet R101 from Detectron2
+  description: RetinaNet R101 from Detectron2 optimized for GPU
   runtime: 'python:3.8'
   handler: main:handler
   eventTimeout: 30s
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
         - kind: WORKDIR
           value: /opt/nuclio
         - kind: RUN
-          value: pip3 install torch==1.8.1+cpu torchvision==0.9.1+cpu torchaudio==0.8.1 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
+          value: pip3 install torch==1.8.1+cu111 torchvision==0.9.1+cu111 torchaudio==0.8.1 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
         - kind: RUN
           value: git clone https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2
         - kind: RUN
@@ -120,12 +120,16 @@

   triggers:
     myHttpTrigger:
-      maxWorkers: 2
+      maxWorkers: 1
       kind: 'http'
       workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds: 10000
       attributes:
         maxRequestBodySize: 33554432 # 32MB

+  resources:
+    limits:
+      nvidia.com/gpu: 1
+
   platform:
     attributes:
       restartPolicy:

Note: GPU has very limited amount of memory and it doesn’t allow to run multiple serverless functions in parallel for now using free open-source Nuclio version on the local platform because scaling to zero feature is absent. Theoretically it is possible to run different functions on different GPUs, but it requires to change source code on corresponding serverless functions to choose a free GPU.

Debugging a serverless function

Let’s say you have a problem with your serverless function and want to debug it. Of course you can use context.logger.info or similar methods to print the intermediate state of your function. Another way is to debug using Visual Studio Code. Please see instructions below to setup your environment step by step.

Let’s modify our function.yaml to include debugpy package and specify that maxWorkers count is 1. Otherwise both workers will try to use the same port and it will lead to an exception in python code.

        - kind: RUN
          value: pip3 install debugpy

  triggers:
    myHttpTrigger:
      maxWorkers: 1

Change main.py to listen to a port (e.g. 5678). Insert code below in the beginning of your file with entry point.

import debugpy
debugpy.listen(5678)

After these changes deploy the serverless function once again. For serverless/pytorch/facebookresearch/detectron2/retinanet/nuclio/ you should run the command below:

$ serverless/deploy_cpu.sh serverless/pytorch/facebookresearch/detectron2/retinanet

To debug python code inside a container you have to publish the port (in this tutorial it is 5678). Nuclio deploy command doesn’t support that and we have to workaround it using SSH port forwarding.

• Install SSH server on your host machine using sudo apt install openssh-server
• In /etc/ssh/sshd_config host file set GatewayPorts yes
• Restart ssh service to apply changes using sudo systemctl restart ssh.service

Next step is to install ssh client inside the container and run port forwarding. In the snippet below instead of user and ipaddress provide username and IP address of your host (usually IP address starts from 192.168.). You will need to confirm that you want to connect to your host computer and enter your password. Keep the terminal open after that.

$ docker exec -it nuclio-nuclio-pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101 /bin/bash
$ apt update && apt install -y ssh
$ ssh -R 5678:localhost:5678 user@ipaddress

See how the latest command looks like in my case:

root@2d6cceec8f70:/opt/nuclio# ssh -R 5678:localhost:5678 nmanovic@192.168.50.188
The authenticity of host '192.168.50.188 (192.168.50.188)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:0sD6IWi+FKAhtUXr2TroHqyjcnYRIGLLx/wkGaZeRuo.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.50.188' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
nmanovic@192.168.50.188's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.8.0-53-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

223 updates can be applied immediately.
132 of these updates are standard security updates.
To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable

Your Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is supported until April 2025.
Last login: Fri Jun 25 16:39:04 2021 from 172.17.0.5
[setupvars.sh] OpenVINO environment initialized
nmanovic@nmanovic-dl-node:~$

Finally, add the configuration below into your launch.json. Open Visual Studio Code and run Serverless Debug configuration, set a breakpoint in main.py and try to call the serverless function from CVAT UI. The breakpoint should be triggered in Visual Studio Code and it should be possible to inspect variables and debug code.

{
  "name": "Serverless Debug",
  "type": "python",
  "request": "attach",
  "connect": {
    "host": "localhost",
    "port": 5678
  },
  "pathMappings": [
    {
      "localRoot": "${workspaceFolder}/serverless/pytorch/facebookresearch/detectron2/retinanet/nuclio",
      "remoteRoot": "/opt/nuclio"
    }
  ]
}

Note: In case of changes in the source code, need to re-deploy the function and initiate port forwarding again.

Troubleshooting

First of all need to check that you are using the recommended version of Nuclio framework. In my case it is 1.5.16 but you need to check the installation manual.

$ nuctl version
Client version:
"Label: 1.5.16, Git commit: ae43a6a560c2bec42d7ccfdf6e8e11a1e3cc3774, OS: linux, Arch: amd64, Go version: go1.14.3"

Check that Nuclio dashboard is running and its version corresponds to nuctl.

$ docker ps --filter NAME=^nuclio$
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                   COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS                    PORTS                                               NAMES
7ab0c076c927   quay.io/nuclio/dashboard:1.5.16-amd64   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 weeks ago   Up 46 minutes (healthy)   80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8070->8070/tcp, :::8070->8070/tcp   nuclio

Be sure that the model, which doesn’t work, is healthy. In my case Inside Outside Guidance is not running.

$ docker ps --filter NAME=iog
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

Let’s run it. Go to the root of CVAT repository and run the deploying command.

$ serverless/deploy_cpu.sh serverless/pytorch/shiyinzhang/iog

Deploying serverless/pytorch/shiyinzhang/iog function...
21.07.06 12:49:08.763                     nuctl (I) Deploying function {"name": ""}
21.07.06 12:49:08.763                     nuctl (I) Building {"versionInfo": "Label: 1.5.16, Git commit: ae43a6a560c2bec42d7ccfdf6e8e11a1e3cc3774, OS: linux, Arch: amd64, Go version: go1.14.3", "name": ""}
21.07.06 12:49:09.085                     nuctl (I) Cleaning up before deployment {"functionName": "pth.shiyinzhang.iog"}
21.07.06 12:49:09.162                     nuctl (I) Function already exists, deleting function containers {"functionName": "pth.shiyinzhang.iog"}
21.07.06 12:49:09.230                     nuctl (I) Staging files and preparing base images
21.07.06 12:49:09.232                     nuctl (I) Building processor image {"imageName": "cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest"}
21.07.06 12:49:09.232     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/handler-builder-python-onbuild:1.5.16-amd64"}
21.07.06 12:49:12.525     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/uhttpc:0.0.1-amd64"}
21.07.06 12:49:16.222            nuctl.platform (I) Building docker image {"image": "cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest"}
21.07.06 12:49:16.555            nuctl.platform (I) Pushing docker image into registry {"image": "cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest", "registry": ""}
21.07.06 12:49:16.555            nuctl.platform (I) Docker image was successfully built and pushed into docker registry {"image": "cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest"}
21.07.06 12:49:16.555                     nuctl (I) Build complete {"result": {"Image":"cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest","UpdatedFunctionConfig":{"metadata":{"name":"pth.shiyinzhang.iog","namespace":"nuclio","labels":{"nuclio.io/project-name":"cvat"},"annotations":{"framework":"pytorch","min_pos_points":"1","name":"IOG","spec":"","startswith_box":"true","type":"interactor"}},"spec":{"description":"Interactive Object Segmentation with Inside-Outside Guidance","handler":"main:handler","runtime":"python:3.6","env":[{"name":"PYTHONPATH","value":"/opt/nuclio/iog"}],"resources":{},"image":"cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest","targetCPU":75,"triggers":{"myHttpTrigger":{"class":"","kind":"http","name":"myHttpTrigger","maxWorkers":2,"workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds":10000,"attributes":{"maxRequestBodySize":33554432}}},"volumes":[{"volume":{"name":"volume-1","hostPath":{"path":"/home/nmanovic/Workspace/cvat/serverless/common"}},"volumeMount":{"name":"volume-1","mountPath":"/opt/nuclio/common"}}],"build":{"image":"cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog","baseImage":"continuumio/miniconda3","directives":{"preCopy":[{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda create -y -n iog python=3.6"},{"kind":"SHELL","value":"[\"conda\", \"run\", \"-n\", \"iog\", \"/bin/bash\", \"-c\"]"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda install -y -c anaconda curl"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda install -y pytorch=0.4 torchvision=0.2 -c pytorch"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda install -y -c conda-forge pycocotools opencv scipy"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"git clone https://github.com/shiyinzhang/Inside-Outside-Guidance.git iog"},{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio/iog"},{"kind":"ENV","value":"fileid=1Lm1hhMhhjjnNwO4Pf7SC6tXLayH2iH0l"},{"kind":"ENV","value":"filename=IOG_PASCAL_SBD.pth"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"curl -c ./cookie -s -L \"https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download\u0026id=${fileid}\""},{"kind":"RUN","value":"echo \"/download/ {print \\$NF}\" \u003e confirm_code.awk"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"curl -Lb ./cookie \"https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download\u0026confirm=`awk -f confirm_code.awk ./cookie`\u0026id=${fileid}\" -o ${filename}"},{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio"},{"kind":"ENTRYPOINT","value":"[\"conda\", \"run\", \"-n\", \"iog\"]"}]},"codeEntryType":"image"},"platform":{"attributes":{"mountMode":"volume","restartPolicy":{"maximumRetryCount":3,"name":"always"}}},"readinessTimeoutSeconds":60,"securityContext":{},"eventTimeout":"30s"}}}}
21.07.06 12:49:17.422     nuctl.platform.docker (W) Failed to run container {"err": "stdout:\n1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb\ndocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.\n\nstderr:\n", "errVerbose": "\nError - exit status 125\n    /nuclio/pkg/cmdrunner/shellrunner.go:96\n\nCall stack:\nstdout:\n1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb\ndocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.\n\nstderr:\n\n    /nuclio/pkg/cmdrunner/shellrunner.go:96\nstdout:\n1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb\ndocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.\n\nstderr:\n", "errCauses": [{"error": "exit status 125"}], "stdout": "1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb\ndocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.\n", "stderr": ""}
21.07.06 12:49:17.422                     nuctl (W) Failed to create a function; setting the function status {"err": "Failed to run a Docker container", "errVerbose": "\nError - exit status 125\n    /nuclio/pkg/cmdrunner/shellrunner.go:96\n\nCall stack:\nstdout:\n1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb\ndocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.\n\nstderr:\n\n    /nuclio/pkg/cmdrunner/shellrunner.go:96\nFailed to run a Docker container\n    /nuclio/pkg/platform/local/platform.go:653\nFailed to run a Docker container", "errCauses": [{"error": "stdout:\n1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb\ndocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.\n\nstderr:\n", "errorVerbose": "\nError - exit status 125\n    /nuclio/pkg/cmdrunner/shellrunner.go:96\n\nCall stack:\nstdout:\n1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb\ndocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.\n\nstderr:\n\n    /nuclio/pkg/cmdrunner/shellrunner.go:96\nstdout:\n1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb\ndocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.\n\nstderr:\n", "errorCauses": [{"error": "exit status 125"}]}]}

Error - exit status 125
    /nuclio/pkg/cmdrunner/shellrunner.go:96

Call stack:
stdout:
1373cb432a178a3606685b5975e40a0755bc7958786c182304f5d1bbc0873ceb
docker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (df68e7b4a60e553ee3079f1f1622b050cc958bd50f2cd359a20164d8a417d0ea): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated.

stderr:

    /nuclio/pkg/cmdrunner/shellrunner.go:96
Failed to run a Docker container
    /nuclio/pkg/platform/local/platform.go:653
Failed to deploy function
    ...//nuclio/pkg/platform/abstract/platform.go:182
  NAMESPACE |                      NAME                      | PROJECT | STATE | NODE PORT | REPLICAS
  nuclio    | openvino-dextr                                 | cvat    | ready |     49154 | 1/1
  nuclio    | pth-foolwood-siammask                          | cvat    | ready |     49155 | 1/1
  nuclio    | pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101 | cvat    | ready |     49155 | 1/1
  nuclio    | pth.shiyinzhang.iog                            | cvat    | error |         0 | 1/1

In this case the container was built some time ago and the port 49154 was assigned by Nuclio. Now the port is used by openvino-dextr as we can see in logs. To prove our hypothesis just need to run a couple of docker commands:

$ docker container ls -a | grep iog
eb0c1ee46630   cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest                              "conda run -n iog pr…"   9 minutes ago       Created                                                                          nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog
$ docker inspect eb0c1ee46630 | grep 49154
            "Error": "driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog (02384290f91b2216162b1603322dadee426afe7f439d3d090f598af5d4863b2d): Bind for 0.0.0.0:49154 failed: port is already allocated",
                        "HostPort": "49154"

To solve the problem let’s just remove the previous container for the function. In this case it is eb0c1ee46630. After that the deploying command works as expected.

$ docker container rm eb0c1ee46630
eb0c1ee46630
$ serverless/deploy_cpu.sh serverless/pytorch/shiyinzhang/iog

Deploying serverless/pytorch/shiyinzhang/iog function...
21.07.06 13:09:52.934                     nuctl (I) Deploying function {"name": ""}
21.07.06 13:09:52.934                     nuctl (I) Building {"versionInfo": "Label: 1.5.16, Git commit: ae43a6a560c2bec42d7ccfdf6e8e11a1e3cc3774, OS: linux, Arch: amd64, Go version: go1.14.3", "name": ""}
21.07.06 13:09:53.282                     nuctl (I) Cleaning up before deployment {"functionName": "pth.shiyinzhang.iog"}
21.07.06 13:09:53.341                     nuctl (I) Staging files and preparing base images
21.07.06 13:09:53.342                     nuctl (I) Building processor image {"imageName": "cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest"}
21.07.06 13:09:53.342     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/handler-builder-python-onbuild:1.5.16-amd64"}
21.07.06 13:09:56.633     nuctl.platform.docker (I) Pulling image {"imageName": "quay.io/nuclio/uhttpc:0.0.1-amd64"}
21.07.06 13:10:00.163            nuctl.platform (I) Building docker image {"image": "cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest"}
21.07.06 13:10:00.452            nuctl.platform (I) Pushing docker image into registry {"image": "cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest", "registry": ""}
21.07.06 13:10:00.452            nuctl.platform (I) Docker image was successfully built and pushed into docker registry {"image": "cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest"}
21.07.06 13:10:00.452                     nuctl (I) Build complete {"result": {"Image":"cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest","UpdatedFunctionConfig":{"metadata":{"name":"pth.shiyinzhang.iog","namespace":"nuclio","labels":{"nuclio.io/project-name":"cvat"},"annotations":{"framework":"pytorch","min_pos_points":"1","name":"IOG","spec":"","startswith_box":"true","type":"interactor"}},"spec":{"description":"Interactive Object Segmentation with Inside-Outside Guidance","handler":"main:handler","runtime":"python:3.6","env":[{"name":"PYTHONPATH","value":"/opt/nuclio/iog"}],"resources":{},"image":"cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest","targetCPU":75,"triggers":{"myHttpTrigger":{"class":"","kind":"http","name":"myHttpTrigger","maxWorkers":2,"workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds":10000,"attributes":{"maxRequestBodySize":33554432}}},"volumes":[{"volume":{"name":"volume-1","hostPath":{"path":"/home/nmanovic/Workspace/cvat/serverless/common"}},"volumeMount":{"name":"volume-1","mountPath":"/opt/nuclio/common"}}],"build":{"image":"cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog","baseImage":"continuumio/miniconda3","directives":{"preCopy":[{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda create -y -n iog python=3.6"},{"kind":"SHELL","value":"[\"conda\", \"run\", \"-n\", \"iog\", \"/bin/bash\", \"-c\"]"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda install -y -c anaconda curl"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda install -y pytorch=0.4 torchvision=0.2 -c pytorch"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"conda install -y -c conda-forge pycocotools opencv scipy"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"git clone https://github.com/shiyinzhang/Inside-Outside-Guidance.git iog"},{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio/iog"},{"kind":"ENV","value":"fileid=1Lm1hhMhhjjnNwO4Pf7SC6tXLayH2iH0l"},{"kind":"ENV","value":"filename=IOG_PASCAL_SBD.pth"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"curl -c ./cookie -s -L \"https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download\u0026id=${fileid}\""},{"kind":"RUN","value":"echo \"/download/ {print \\$NF}\" \u003e confirm_code.awk"},{"kind":"RUN","value":"curl -Lb ./cookie \"https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download\u0026confirm=`awk -f confirm_code.awk ./cookie`\u0026id=${fileid}\" -o ${filename}"},{"kind":"WORKDIR","value":"/opt/nuclio"},{"kind":"ENTRYPOINT","value":"[\"conda\", \"run\", \"-n\", \"iog\"]"}]},"codeEntryType":"image"},"platform":{"attributes":{"mountMode":"volume","restartPolicy":{"maximumRetryCount":3,"name":"always"}}},"readinessTimeoutSeconds":60,"securityContext":{},"eventTimeout":"30s"}}}}
21.07.06 13:10:01.604            nuctl.platform (I) Waiting for function to be ready {"timeout": 60}
21.07.06 13:10:02.976                     nuctl (I) Function deploy complete {"functionName": "pth.shiyinzhang.iog", "httpPort": 49159}
  NAMESPACE |                      NAME                      | PROJECT | STATE | NODE PORT | REPLICAS
  nuclio    | openvino-dextr                                 | cvat    | ready |     49154 | 1/1
  nuclio    | pth-foolwood-siammask                          | cvat    | ready |     49155 | 1/1
  nuclio    | pth-saic-vul-fbrs                              | cvat    | ready |     49156 | 1/1
  nuclio    | pth.facebookresearch.detectron2.retinanet_r101 | cvat    | ready |     49155 | 1/1
  nuclio    | pth.shiyinzhang.iog                            | cvat    | ready |     49159 | 1/1

When you investigate an issue with a serverless function, it is extremely useful to look at logs. Just run a couple of commands like docker logs <container>.

$ docker logs cvat
2021-07-06 13:44:54,699 DEBG 'runserver' stderr output:
[Tue Jul 06 13:44:54.699431 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 625:tid 140010969868032] [remote 172.28.0.3:40972] [2021-07-06 13:44:54,699] ERROR django.request: Internal Server Error: /api/v1/lambda/functions/pth.shiyinzhang.iog

2021-07-06 13:44:54,700 DEBG 'runserver' stderr output:
[Tue Jul 06 13:44:54.699712 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 625:tid 140010969868032] [remote 172.28.0.3:40972] ERROR - 2021-07-06 13:44:54,699 - log - Internal Server Error: /api/v1/lambda/functions/pth.shiyinzhang.iog

$ docker container ls --filter name=iog
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                             COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS                 PORTS                                         NAMES
3b6ef9a9f3e2   cvat/pth.shiyinzhang.iog:latest   "conda run -n iog pr…"   4 hours ago   Up 4 hours (healthy)   0.0.0.0:49159->8080/tcp, :::49159->8080/tcp   nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog

$ docker logs nuclio-nuclio-pth.shiyinzhang.iog

If before model deployment you see that the NODE PORT is 0, you need to assign it manually. Add the port: 32001 attribute to the function.yaml file of each model, before you deploy the model. Different ports should be prescribed for different models.

triggers:
myHttpTrigger:
    maxWorkers: 1
    kind: 'http'
    workerAvailabilityTimeoutMilliseconds: 10000
    attributes:
+     port: 32001
      maxRequestBodySize: 33554432 # 32MB

Installation serverless functions on Windows 10 with using the Ubuntu subsystem

If you encounter a problem running serverless functions on Windows 10, you can use the Ubuntu subsystem, for this do the following:

1. Install WSL 2 and Docker Desktop as described in installation manual

2. Install Ubuntu 18.04 from Microsoft store.

3. Enable integration for Ubuntu-18.04 in the settings of Docker Desktop in the Resources WSL integration tab:

   

4. Then you can download and install nuctl on Ubuntu, using the automatic annotation guide.

5. Install git and clone repository on Ubuntu, as described in the installation manual.

6. After that, run the commands from this tutorial through Ubuntu.